Raymond Chandlers Writing Style in The Big Sleep Essay -- Chandler Bi

Raymond Chandlers Writing Style in The Big Sleep Unique writing style is definitely an essential gene in any piece of writing, and Raymond Chandler uses his style efficiently in The Big Sleep. Chandlers style is one that seems to come easily to him and it in any case seems very natural to the reader, peradventure because there is not a lot of high, eloquent language. Rich in description and dialogue, the characters seem more realistic to the reader as a yield of such details and natural speech. Chandler includes many descriptive words, similes, metaphors yet they are not complicated or ambiguous which may lead to misinterpretations. He also tends to focus on a few major aspects of the characters, repeating those characteristics again each time the person appears in the scene. Writing about the characters in this delegacy engages the reader and makes for a more realistic and interesting novel. When examining each character, it is simple to pick out the key aspects which Chandler wishes the reader to grasp, often using Phillip Marlowe to do so showing how is extremely observant and detail-oriented. He is able to pick up on details right away and describe them perfectly. Introduced first is Carmen Sternwood. Chandler writes a paragraph about what Marlowe first notices about her. Chandler describes her hair, eyes, and body, yet it is her teeth which Chandler focuses on. He writes, Shecame over near me and smiled with her mouth and she had little sharp predatory teeth, as white as fresh orange pith and as shiny as porcelain (5). This description is a simple yet effective one because of the images used images that are not complicated and the reader can relate to. They are common items which most people... ...each for the phone, and wave at the glassed-in shelves (24). These are not simply physical characteristics, they are lay out of who the blonde is. The unique writing style of Chandler, especially description, is one that engages the reader to see the characters as more than simple stereotypes. By focusing on concomitant attributes and assets of each one, they take on a personality all their own. This style of description is one that is simple for the reader to understand and interpret, but does not train a simple work. Instead, it is a work full of similes, metaphors, metanomies, and description which would probably not be found to be so effortless in any other work than The Big Sleep. Works Cited Chandler, Raymond. The Big Sleep. New York Vintage Books, 1996. Kemp, William. The Writing Process Chandler 202. January 14, 1999

Embryonic Stem Cell Research Essay -- use of stem cells in regenerativ

Advancements in medical technology has lay offed for a new understanding of stem cadres and save developments in research. The use of stem cells in regenerative medicine may hold significant benefits for those suffering from degenerative diseases. To avail such advancements in stem cell research could see the alleviation or complete cure of afflictions that take the lives of millions worldwide each year. (McLaren, 2001) A stem cell 1 is able specify into any somatic cell found in the human body, including those identical to itself. Differentiation is a cellular process whereby a stem cell willing divide into a specialised cell, for example a neuron2. To harness the unique cellular function of a stem cell could mean the cultivation of wholly new organs saving countless lives and resolving acute organ transplant shortages. (Healey, 2007) Although stem cell research poses a considerable breakthrough in regenerative medicine, it raises serious ethical controversy. A specific type o f stem cell used in regenerative research is an embryonic stem (ES) cell harvested through the end of human embryos. (Hurlbut, 2006) This poses a significant ethical dilemma, as ES cells are sourced from pre-implantation embryos leftover from In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF). The destruction of embryos is seen by many as an scream of human life, an exploitation of those that are living, but cannot decide their own fate. (Masters, 2005) Before ES cell research is to make a positive impact on modern medicine and the global scientific community, this ethical predicament must first be considered. embryonic stem cell research will allow for an emerging era of medicine, where researches will be capable of providing a cure for many of todays degene... ...velopment, Monash University, AustraliaFuchs, E 2008, Stem Cells Biology, Ethics and Potential for Medicine, Lannuarie du College de France, FranceDenker, H 2006, Potentiality of Embryonic Stem Cells An Ethical Problem Even With Alternative Stem Cell Sources, University of Duisburg-Essen, GermanyScott, C 2008, Stem Cells new frontiers of ethics, law and policy, Stanford University, United States of AmericaHealey, J 2007, clone & Stem Cell Research, Volume 265 edn, The Spinney Press, Sydney, AustraliaMorgan, S 2006, From Microscopes to Stem Cell Research discovering regenerative medicine, White-Thomson Publishing, Oxford, United landDowswell, P 2000, Genetics the impact on our lives, Hodder & Wayland, London, United KingdomMaters, C 2005, DNA and your body what you need to know about biotechnology, UNSW Press, Sydney, Australia

Women in Tickets Please are More Assertive than Those in Tony Kyters, The Arch Deceiver :: D.H. Lawrence Thomas Hardy Women Essays

Women in Tickets Please ar More Assertive than Those in Tony Kyters, The Arch DeceiverTickets Please was written by D.H. Lawrence in the refinement phase of conception War One a time when women were beginning to realise that theywere equal citizens to men and that they did not have to stay at thehouses cookery for a loving husband. The protagonists of this shortstory are Annie a rather well build wo cosmos who has a way with theopposite sex and as well as knows fully well that she is feared as theringleader of the pack of women that now haunt the tram tracks of theMidlands, and there is also illusion doubting Thomas a somewhat good-looking manwho - knowing that most men are off at helping in the war effort -realises that he has all the women at his back and call. John Thomasalso enjoys his female attention and is really quiet a flirt. Thewomen in Tickets Please are feared by men of a bigger stature thanthemselves moreover why? This is because they have an aura around them thatc reates a sense of masculinity that comes with there job.On the other hand we have Tony Kytes, The Arch-Deceiver written byThomas Hardy the women are totally the opposite to the women mentionedabove they bow low and are treated as second class citizens that arelower in the rankings of society than the all dominant male. Theyinstantly follow Tonys commands to sit in the back of the wagon andnever argue back. They seem fragile and weak, and eager to finalize downand marry.One of the reasons for this dramatic change in character developmentis that both stories are set in different periods which significantlyeffects the women in the stories sense of pride in there sex. Thegirls in Tickets Please are fearless young hussies compared to thewomen in Tony Kytes, The Arch-Deceiver who wouldnt dare answer backto a male. Tony Kytes women are visualized as dainty, neat, fragile,light hearted women who have no real reason to be on the face of theearth apart from creating more males. The reason t hey is portrayed inthis way is due to the periods that they are set in. One as mentionedabove is in World war 1, and the other was in the early 18th Century.These periods are totally different as one is in the face of total warand the other is in the peaceful reign of queen Victoria. In World WarOne women took on new responsibilities which meant that the had to

Expectations versus Reality in Stephen Cranes The Red Badge of Courage

Expectations versus Reality in Stephen stretch forths The scarlet Badge of CourageThe notion that war is an exciting, amative endeavor expert of glory and heroism has existed for centuries. Stephen Crane set out to demystify war through his novel The Red Badge of Courage, which traces the experiences of a young soldier in the American Civil War. Crane shows the true nature of war by contrasting enthalpy Flemings quixotic expectations with the reality that he encounters. This contrast between romantic vision and cold reality can be seen early in the novel, with Henrys departure from home. Driven to a prolonged ecstasy of excitement by the happiness crowd, Henry enlists in the army and says good-bye to his mother with a light of excitement and expectancy in his eyes (709). He anticipates a romantic, sentimental hop out reminiscent of Spartan times and even goes as far as preparing remarks in advance which he hopes to use with touching effect to create a beautiful scene (710). Ho wever, Crane presents a more realistic view. At the news of Henrys enlistment, his mother simply says The Lords will be done and continues milking the cow, having previously urged Henry not to be a fool by enlisting (709). She then destroys his hopes by offering sensible,... ...es in anguish while his friend Jim suffers and dies. Today, many of the romantic myths about war have been destroyed through television and movies such as Born on the Fourth of July, which shows war with all its suffering, pain, and death. Yet it was Stephen Crane who, a century ago, deglorified war through the experiences of Henry Fleming. With his frequent contrasts between romantic vision and cold reality, Crane clearly portrays the true horrors of war. Work Cited Crane, Stephen. The Red Badge of Courage. Anthology of American Literature. Ed. Geroge McMichael, et al. 5th ed.Vol. 2. New York Macmillan, 1993. 707-87.

Analysis of Identity in Jasmine Essay -- Literary Analysis, Bharati M

The novel Jasmine by Bharati Mukherjee is an incredible story about the transformation and life experiences of a Panjabi girl from India. The life of Jyoti is told from her point of view when she is twenty-four geezerhood old, and pregnant with the baby of develop Ripplemeyer, a crippled banker who is more than twice Jyotis age. During the span of two months in Iowa, Jyoti narrates her biographical experiences in Punjab and in the States as she strives to become independent. Jasmine illustrates that when ones relationships go through changes, it will impact ones identity.Born in Hasnapur in India, Jyoti is said to be the most(prenominal) beautiful and clever person in her family. Unlike her sisters and other girls, Jyoti excels in school and continues her education until the 8th grade despite her fathers disapproval. Education represents a way for Jasmine to separate from many girls her age including her sisters and to shape her identity. In other words, this allows her to break f rom the semi-feudal rural society in which she lives. Her life, like most Indian women in that time period, is controlled and dominated by her father and brothers, Village girls are like cattle, whichever way you lead them, that is the way they will go (46). Jyotis opinions are often considered unnecessary. The role of women in villages was only to be a mother and to manage household affairs.The first of many glimpses of Jyotis varying identities occurs during her sum to Prakash. The first time Prakash talks to Jyoti, he says, She is a woman of fine sympathies (74). He sees her as a delicate, obedient woman who follows her familys wishes and societies restriction on women. Jyoti describes Prakash as A modern manFor Prakash, love was letting go. Independenc... ...el Jasmine, Jyoti has conflicts with her past and the present as she attempts to combine her life as an immigrant and life in India. Jyoti comes to the States in order to fulfill her husband, Prakashs dreams and to lead a more fruitful life. She undergoes her first transformation from an innocent, dutiful daughter to a modern married woman when she meets Prakash who calls her Jasmine, then she becomes more American when she meets Lillian Gordon who calls her Jazzy. Later, with Taylor Hayse, who calls her Jase, she starts to accept her past and present together, however seeing her husbands murderer frightens her. She then moves on to become Buds Jane. Jyoti tries to establish a new identity as she learns new American customs, skills, and aspirations. These transactions in her identity are apparent in her office towards life and her relationships with men and women.

Analysis of Identity in Jasmine Essay -- Literary Analysis, Bharati M

The novel Jasmine by Bharati Mukherjee is an incredible story about the transformation and conduct experiences of a Panjabi girl from India. The life of Jyoti is told from her point of enamour when she is twenty-four years old, and pregnant with the baby of Bud Ripplemeyer, a crippled banker who is more than twice Jyotis age. During the span of two months in Iowa, Jyoti narrates her biographical experiences in Punjab and in America as she strives to become independent. Jasmine illustrates that when ones relationships go through changes, it will impact ones identity.Born in Hasnapur in India, Jyoti is said to be the most beautiful and clever person in her family. Unlike her sisters and other girls, Jyoti excels in school and continues her education until the 8th grade scorn her fathers disapproval. Education represents a way for Jasmine to separate from many girls her age including her sisters and to shape her identity. In other words, this allows her to break from the semi-feudal rural society in which she lives. Her life, like most Indian women in that time period, is controlled and dominated by her father and brothers, Village girls are like cattle, whichever way you lead them, that is the way they will go (46). Jyotis opinions are often considered unnecessary. The role of women in villages was only to be a mother and to manage household affairs.The first of many glimpses of Jyotis varying identities occurs during her marriage to Prakash. The first time Prakash talks to Jyoti, he says, She is a woman of fine sympathies (74). He sees her as a delicate, obedient woman who follows her familys wishes and societies restriction on women. Jyoti describes Prakash as A modern manFor Prakash, love was letting go. Independenc... ...el Jasmine, Jyoti has conflicts with her past and the present as she attempts to combine her life as an immigrant and life in India. Jyoti comes to America in order to fulfill her husband, Prakashs dreams and to lead a more fruitful life. She undergoes her first transformation from an innocent, dutiful daughter to a modern wife when she meets Prakash who calls her Jasmine, then she becomes more American when she meets Lillian Gordon who calls her Jazzy. Later, with Taylor Hayse, who calls her Jase, she starts to accept her past and present together, however seeing her husbands murderer frightens her. She then moves on to become Buds Jane. Jyoti tries to establish a new identity as she learns new American customs, skills, and aspirations. These transactions in her identity are observable in her attitude towards life and her relationships with men and women.

About Ginger

powdered ginger or ginger root is the rhizome of the plant genus Zingiber officinale, consumed as a delicacy, medicine, or spice. It lends its name to its genus and family (Zingiberaceae). Other notable members of this plant family are turmeric, cardamom, and galangal. zest cultivation began in South Asia and has since spread to East Africa and the Caribbean. Ginger oil has been shown to prevent skin cancer in mice and a study at the University of Michigan demonstrated that gingerols (6-gingerol) can kill ovarian cancer cells. Ginger can similarly heal inflammation.Ginger is particularly useful in treating chronic inflammation because it partially inhibits two important enzymes that play a usance in inflammation gone awry cyclooxygenase (COX) and 5-lipoxygenase (LOX). Ginger does not cause stomach irritation instead it helps encourage and heal the gut. Ginger also treats a broader range of the inflammatory problem because it affects both the COX and the LOX enzymes. And because it doesnt shut down the inflammatory process entirely, ginger may actually acknowledge it to work properly and then turn itself off, the way it does with an injury.Besides reducing inflammation, ginger has many other benefits. It helps relieve nausea, destroys a host of viruses, and in both(prenominal) laboratory studies has shown promise as an anticancer agent. Health care professionals may recommend ginger to help prevent or treat nausea and spue from motion sickness, pregnancy, and cancer chemotherapy. It is also used to treat mild stomach upset, to reduce pain of osteoarthritis, and may even be used in soreness disease. Ginger extract is not widely known as a solution for hair loss, but it has properties to improve blood circulation in the scalp, which may protect the hair from falling off.

All in the Family Essay

end-to-end ones life, amours are going to grow and change, yet one thing will unendingly remain the same, ones family. This social unit, whether it be related by blood or the love that comes from a family will always remain strong. While taking a determine at two narratives, we will discuss the lessons learned, family functions, extended family, and the impressions that are made upon the readers of these stories.Taking a look at these justly narratives, we as readers see many lessons that are learned passim these pieces of writing. Taking a look at the narrative, An Indian Story by Roger Jack, this non-nuclear family shows us the readers, the lesion of who can and could be considered family. This important lesson shows how although his Aunt Greta is not immediate family interchangeable his father would be she becomes immediate in his time of need. My home and pedantic life improved a lot after I had moved in with Aunt Greta (Jack 53). This improvement of life for these charac ters shows how this social network made of delimit characters were able to adapt and transform to the ever-changing needs and circumstances of its family members.Moving on to the lots different narrative entitled, Looking for Work by Gary Soto were we take a look at a nuclear family that is much different. The life of a Mexican the Statesn boy who strives for nothing less than for his family to be ideal alike(p) he sees on TV. His longing for the, Father looks on in his suit. The mother, decked out in earrings and a pearl necklace, cuts into her steak and blushes. Their conversation so politely snip off (Soto 29). These constant strives to be perfect and rich consumed most of his time.Yet by the end of this narrative, he would finally learn the most important lesson of all, his family is who they are. Much like Gary Soto in his story, Looking for Work I learned the same exact lesson. Although my family may drive been crazy and somewhat embarrassing they are who they are and in that respect was nothing I could do about it. My family was always going to be there for me no matter what and I couldnt love them more for that. Throughout these two narratives, everyone experienced the presence of family in some form or another and I have to say, I dont know what I would do without mine.While reading these stories I found a few similarities between the families in the stories and my own family that really stood out to me. First, the importance of 3family in general. I cannot stress enough how important my family is to me yet when I was a electric shaver, much like the boys in these stories, I did not realize it. Another similarity I shared with these stories was how close I was to my grandma like Roger Jack was to his Aunt Greta. This warmed my heart because I love my grandma and so many instances throughout that narrative reminded me of my grandma and I. Much like when Roger stated, I walked to Aunt Gretas and asked if I could move in with her since I had alr eady spent so much time with her anyway (Jack 53). Yet one way in which my family is different from the families in these narrative is that I was blessed to have a mom and a dad growing up and I could not be more thankful for that.Growing up is an important time in any childs life. Whether it is like the boys in these narratives or anyone else that is a time for you to grow and shape into an individual. I believe that the environment I grew up in was a good thing for me and it shaped my entire worldview. I grew up with not bad(p) yet strict parents, a loving, caring, sticky working mom and housewife, and a tough, hard working, funny father. Together they taught me to work for everything I have because later in life nothing was going to be handed to me. I was taught a great work ethic and good morals from the very beginning. I believe that because of those teachings by my great parents, I am the person I am today. wide family most definitely differed between the two narratives yet the importance was there. As with my extended family, we are very close, especially with my moms mom Erna. I always grew up with her right across the street and I loved every minute of it She was always there for me and I always had fun whenever I was with her. I remember her cooking for me and us gardening together. Although the dictionary considers grandparents extended family, I do not. My grandma was so close to my family, especially my mom and I that to me she is immediate family. The importance of extended family and family in general to me is practically my life. I would do anything for them just as they would for me. I am so grateful to have such a close immediate and an extended family in my life.Looking at both narratives, there was one that made a more powerful impression upon me as a reader. Looking for Work by Gary Soto really stood out to me for one reason, the lesson. I believe in the fact that your family is who they are and there is nothing that you can do about it besides accept them. I love how Gary realized at the end that his family was not going to be like the family on Father Knows Best and that was ok. I think that made such an impression on me because I was the same way when I was little, I hate when my parents would make jokes and be silly but as I was growing up I grew to love it.My family is who they are and I love them for it I wouldnt trade my family for anything in the world and by the end of the story Gary seemed to feel the same way. In the beginning, Gary would be so frustrated when his siblings would wear bathing suits to dinner, when he had specifically asked them to dress up. Yet towards the end of the story such change took over Gary. That evening at dinner we all sat down in our bathing suits to eat our beans, laughing and chewing loudly (Soto 29). This quote is a prime example of the change that underwent the main character and showed the point in which he accepted everyone at that table for who they were, family.Works CitedJack, Roger. An Indian Story. Ed. Gary Colombo, Robert Cullen, and Bonnie Lisle. Rereading America Cultural Contexts for Critical Thinking and Writing. 8th ed. Boston Bedford St. Martins, 2010. 52-61. Print. Soto, Gary. Looking for Work. Ed. Robert Cullen and Bonnie Lisle. Rereading America Cultural Contexts for Critical Thinking and Writing. Ed. Gary Colombo. 8th ed. Boston Bedford St. Martins, 2010. 26-31. Print.

Meiosis and Genetic Diversity in Sordaria

INTRODUCTION Sordaria fimicola is an ascomecyete fungus studied for its product of meiosis and mitosis that form 8 haploid spores. These spores are contained in a fruiting body called perithecia. Asci made up of spores are contained in this body. The perithecia are squashed in order to better identify the asci. Scordaria is a real beneficial organism to study transmitted form because it is maintainable in a lab, has a short life cycle, its asci are easily distinguishable on a lower floor a microscope and it helps to deduce meiosis. Sordaira is found in Evolution canyon.It is a place in Israel that is a natural circumstancesting to explore the relations of organisms and their environment. Each situation of the canyon is very different. One side is exposed to harsh conditions and much sun exposure while the other has more moderate conditions. The European heel all over of the canyon has dark gray landscape while the African slope has a lighter brown landscape. Meiosis is a re duction process that reduces diploid cells to haploid cells(2N1N). Meiosis I cause genetic variation to occur through the process of crossing over and independent assortment.Two haploid daughter cells are formed at the end of Meiosis I. Meiosis II hence forms four haploid daughter cells. Every cell differs in its genetic material. Mitosis whence creates 8 spores. These spores can have combinations of tan or gray to wild such as 44, 242, and 2222. When the spores mature, they will be released. Two haploid cells will then unite through fertilization to form a diploid zygote. This lab will nevertheless our knowledge of meiosis and the benefits of genetic variation in Scordaria fimicola.Two types of fungi were used to show the effects of crossing over and independent assortment. The fungi combinations were created by placing twain samples of tan or gray type on an agar plate and two samples of wild type and allowing them to combine over two weeks. After this tote up of time the pe rithecia are well enough developed and are able to be squashed. The spores show different color combinations due to the meeting of wild and variation type fungi. The mutant types will show light tan or gray color and the wild shows a dark spore.This will show us the combinations of spores created from meiosis and mitosis. It is expected that all three combinations of asci will be shown. It is expected that tan type will show more recombinant asci than the gray type. The purpose of this try is to show the distance between gene and centromere as well as the importance of sexual reproduction and genetic variation. METHODS Two agar plates were set up to allow the spore mutations to occur. Each plate was divided into four sections. Wild and tan or gray type Sordaria was placed in opposing sections of the plate.The plates were then left to incubate for two weeks. After the two weeks samples were taken from the plate and then squashed onto a microscope slide in order to burst the perithe cia to figure the asci. Crossover frequencies were measures by counting the frequency patterns of asci within an ascus cluster. Map distances, which measures the distance from gene to centromere, were then calculated after asci totals were found. RESULTS The asci were sorted into individual, host, section, and were then combined into group data. Combined Course DataNon-recombinant Recombinant Total of Asci Total Recombinant Asci(B + C) Frequency of Recombinant Asci(B + C)/total asci) Frequency of Type B Asci(B/total asci) Frequency of Type C Asci(C/total asci) balance B/C of Type A Asci(44) of Type B Asci(242) of Type C Asci(2222) Tan Spore excuse 5669 4301 3976 13946 8277 8277/13946 4301/13946 3976/13946 4301/3976 Gray Spore food color 3012 2081 1973 7066 4054 2054/7066 2081/7066 1973/7066 2081/1973 Cross over frequencyType B (242) asci Type C(2222) asci Total Recombinant Tan Spore Color 30. 8% 28. 5% 59. 4% Gray Spore Color 29. 5% 27. 9% 57. 4% Crossing o ver Frequency = Recombinant asci/Total asci x 100 The results show that 59. 4% of tan spores and 57. 4% of gray spores undergo crossing over. 2% more tan spores were recombinant compared to gray spores. Mapping Distance Mapping distance = % Crossing over/2 Tan Spore 59. 4/2 = 29. 7 mu Gray Spore 57. 4/2 = 28. 7 mu The results mean that there was 29. 7 mu for tan and 28. mu for gray between the crossing over and the centromere. Taking results from such a large group of data makes for a more accurate result. The image shows the possible combination emergecomes of sordaria. The first one shows no crossing over (44) and the next two show crossing over with results (2222 and 242). DISCUSSION This experiment helped us to better understand the importance of crossing over in sexual reproduction and also meiosis. The results showed that the Sordaria were more likely to cross over. With 59. 4% and 57. % recombinant, a majority of Sordaria show genetic independence. Genetic independence allo ws for Sordaria to survive, adapt, and continue reproducing. They produced different offspring due to meiosis and mitosis. The two percent difference could be possible due to the different spore strains and their optimum conditions. Within the experiment several errors could have occurred. One of the implications could have been the counting of the asci. When viewing them from a microscope it is very difficult to keep track of every undivided asci.Some could have been double counted or missed entirely. Another possible experiment would be to test a larger sample. Larger samples allows for more accurate results. A second experiment would be to test another organism that experiences the process meiosis and mitosis through asexual reproduction. A third experiment could carry out the same process but under different conditions to see if the results show the same pattern. In conclusion, Sordaria fimicola showed the process of crossing over and meiosis.It displayed the importance of gene tic variation for use of survival and adaption. REFERENCES Bio 110 Lab Activity Meiosis and Genetic Diversity in Sordaria, week of September 24th. Pennsylvania State University 2011. Volk, Thomas. Sordaria Fimicola, a Fungus use in Genetics Tom Volks Fungus of the Month for March 2007. Sordaria Fimicola, a Fungus Used in Genetics Tom Volks Fungus of the Month for March 2007. University of Wisconsin, 2007. Web. 25 Oct. 2012. .

Principles of economics: understanding monopoly Essay

Refer to the diagram below for a non-discriminating monopolist and answer the following questions 1 to 7 pic 1. The profit-maximizing output for this firm is M. T / F 2. At the profit-maximizing output the firms economic profit provide be BAFG. T / F 3. At output R economic profits will be zero. T / F 4. At output Q production will be unprofitable. T / F 5. The profit-maximizing bell for this firm is J. T / F 6. At output M total cost will be 0CHM. T / F 7.If the government regulates the monopolist so that it charges the socially optimal price, the monopolist will T / F produce output Q. 8. A monopoly is an perseverance with a single firm in which the entry of new firms is blocked. T / F 9. If entry of new firms is prohibited in a pure monopoly assiduity the monopolist may be able to earn normal profit inT / F the long run. 10. The pure monopolists get hold of curve is the industry demand curve. T / F 11. A monopolist sets the price at which peripheral rev enue equals marginal cost.T / F 12. When a monopolist incurs a detriment it will produce as long as its total revenue covers its total variable costs. T / F 13. congenital monopolies result from extensive economies of scale in production. T / F SECTION B 1. pic Refer to the diagram above. Determine the i. outlay equipoise ii. Quantity equilibrium At equilibrium, calculate the iii. Total variable costs iv. Total costs v. Total fixed costs vi. Total revenue vii. Total profit/loss 2.The following diagram shows the costs and revenues for the producer of Company DeMassa. pic AR = average revenue MR = marginal revenue AC = average cost MC = marginal cost a. At what output and price will the producer maximize its profits? Explain b. How much profit/loss will be do? Should the firm continue production? c. Would you categorize Company DeMassas market structure as perfect competition or imperfect competition? Explain. d. identify four characteristics of the market structure above. e. Based on part a, calculate the total fixed cost of the firm. SECTION C 1. Explain the various price discrimination practices. Price discrimination is bad for the public. Do you agree with this statement? 2. List four types of barriers to entry. 3. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of monopoly. MC AC AVC 9 10 11 12 AR Quantity (million, unit) MR Price, $ 7 6 5 4 Quantity (000) MR AR 22 20 17 16 14 Price (RM) MC AC AVC 160 185.

How Is Technology Affecting People Psychologically? Essay

In 1922, a doctors kit was the most desired toy in the United States. intimately all toys on the website Hot Holiday Toys for 2012 were either electronic or electronic related. These toys range from Furbuddy, an electronic pet that talks, to Nintendo and Wii granulars and gaming systems. What imp sham is technology having on people? Today, with thousands of icon games offered nearly 1 billion users on Facebook and the average person checking their ph unrivalled close to 75 times per day, whiz can only when wonder how this affects people psychologically. This can be seen in how the internet offers dreaded information and opportunities that cod changed the way people communicate.Internet World Stats website cites that the internet users have grown over 566% since 2000. Ease of access to information and communication is, of course, a big reason to use the internet, but is there to a greater extent to it? Is the ability to checker completely the information atomic number 53 read s and the people one interacts with a part of this draw to the internet? The person who holds the mouse is in control when he or she surfs the web. He or she chooses which sites to go to and which people to interact with. In many ways the user olfactory sensations safe. If something negative online occurs, one can simply exit the site. On Facebook, if someone posts something the user doesnt handle, the user can block the sender or unfriend the offending person. Unfortunately, this negative online interaction is all too frequent.Cyber boss around is the act of bullying using electronic technology. It has become so serious that laws have been passed to outlaw it going as far as jail time. Cyber bullying occurs with one out of six children. It can be devastating because it can happen 24 hours per day and every day of the week. The worst part about Cyber bullying is that it can even happen when the victim is alone. Cyberbullying Research Center states, There have been many high profi le and tragic incidents in the media in late(a) years which have linked adolescent suicides to experiences with cyber bullying. The technology used in this type of bullying ranges from cell phones, social media sites, to chat rooms.It has become such a problem that many schools have created programs to discuss the harmful effects it causes. Cyber bullying is an example of the disinhibition effect. Psychologists have created this term meaning when people online loosen up, feel more uninhibited, and express themselves more than they ever would in a face to face conversation. It can be threatening and hurtful as in cyber bullying or it can be what psychologist call benign disinhibition. This is when a person reveals secret emotions, fears and wishes. The user may shargon too much about themselves, but general it is not harmful.This sharing of experiences has been seen as a very positive experience when regarding veterans. Many times exchangeiers come back from war and have feelings a bout their experiences that they feel civilians do not understand. Sites and chat rooms have been created to fill this need. As John Suler author of The Psychology of Cyberspace states they dont have to like about how others look or sound when they say something. Seeing a frown, a shaking head, a sigh, a bored expression, and many other signs of check or indifference can stop what people are willing to express. Not beingness able to see expressions of a persons feelings, leads to one expressing themselves more openly. This has created support for not just veterans, but others who reach out to people like them so they can connect and feel understood. Another concourse who seek to connect with each other are gamers.Video games have exploded in popularity since 1947. Now over 72 percent of the Americans blowout video games. Video games have been proven to increase decision-making skills which come in handy in a fast-paced world. They have also been proven to improve workforce and womens ability to picture 3D objects states U.S Department of Defense researchers. However, as much they may be helping gamers with thinking skills violent video games are certainly not helping with violent behavior. A study was done with two groups of college students group one played a violent video game and group two played a nonviolent video game.The researchers measured how the students felt and how they behaved. Social Psychologist Brad Bushman at Ohio State University showed the groups two violent pictures one of a man shoving a gun down another mans throat another of a man holding a natural language to a womans throat. What we found is for people who were exposed to a lot of violent video games their brains did not respond to the violent images, Bushman said. They were numb, if you will. People who play violent video games become numb to the military force they see. Knowing this, one may find it disturbing to know that the top three most sold video games in the US, are al l listed by Parenting website in The 10 most violent video games to avoid. list. Does playing violent video games increase violence or just make the user numb to it? That is still to be determined.The positive effects of technology are as endless as imagination. The amazing ability to instantly have knowledge at your fingertips any time of the day or night is one benefit it is hard to imagine being without. Being able to connect with a friend continents away is a wonderful gift that keeps people in touch with each other. But like most things technology has a negative side like cyber bullying and the violence in video games open to children a keystroke away. Technology has no interrogative changed the world, but the question becomes does the positive outweigh the negative and if so, what should be done about the negative aspects?

Reducing Electrovision’s Travel and Entertainment Costs Essay

Reducing Electrovisions kick the bucket and diversion Costs Here is the report you requested January 30 on Electrovisions fit and entertainment be. Your suspicion was right. We be spending far too more than on personal credit line pilgrimage. Our unwritten policy has been anything goes, difference us with no real control over T&E expenses. Although this hands-off approach whitethorn piss been understandable when Electrovisions internet were high, we rump no longer afford the luxury of going first class.The solutions to the problem seem rather clear. We need to have someone with centralized responsibility for live on and entertainment cost, a clear statement of policy, an effective control system, and a business-oriented impress service that can optimize our travel arrangements. We should also investigate alternatives to travel, much(prenominal) as videoconferencing. Perhaps more(prenominal) important, we need to change our attitude. Instead of viewing travel funds as a bottomless supply of money, all locomotion employees need to act as though they were paying the bills themselves. Getting people to economize is not going to be easy.In the course of researching this issue, Ive institute that our employees are exceedingly attached to their magnificent travel privileges. I think they would al more or less prefer a cut in pay to a prejudice in travel moderation. One thing is clear People will be very bitter if we create a 2-class system in which lead executives get special privileges while the quietus of the employees make the sacrifices. Im grateful to Mary Lehman and Connie McIlvain for their patron in collecting and sorting through quin courses worth of expense reports. Their apparent movements were truly Herculean. Thanks for giving me the opportunity to work on this assignment. Its been a real education. If you have any questions astir(predicate) the report, please give me a call.This report analyzes Electrovisions travel and enterta inment (T&E) costs and presents recommendations for reducing those costs. decease and Entertainment Costs Are Too spicy Travel and Entertainment is a large and growing expense category for Electrovision. The caller-up spends over $16 million per family on business travel, and these costs have been increasing by 12 percentage yearly. Company employees make roughly 3,390 trips each form at an average cost per trip of $4,720. Airfares are the biggest expense, followed by hotels, meals, and rental cars.The nature of Electrovisions business does require extensive travel, scarce the companys costs appear to be excessive. Every year Electrovision employees spend more than twice as much on T&E as the average business traveler. Although the location of the companys facilities may partly explain this discrepancy, the main reason for Electrovisions high costs is the firms philosophy and managerial modality. Electrovisions tradition and its hands-off style almost invite employees to go first class and pay coitionly little attention to travel costs. Cuts Are EssentialAlthough Electrovision has traditionally been casual more or less travel and entertainment expenses, management now recognizes the need to gain more control over this element of costs. The company is currently entering a extent of declining profits, prompting management to look for every opportunity to reduce spending. At the same time, rising airfares and hotel grade are making travel and entertainment expenses more important to the bottom line.Electrovision Can Save $6 Million per YearFortunately, Electrovision has a number of excellent opportunities for reducing its travel and entertainment costs. Savings of up to $6 million should be achievable, judging by the experience of former(a) companies. American Express suggests that a sensible travel-management program can save companies as much as 35 percent a year (Gilligan 39-40). Given that we purchase umpteen more first-class tickets than the av erage company, we should be able to reach even greater savings. The first priority should be to hire a director of travel and entertainment to assume overall responsibility for T&E spending.This individual should establish a written travel and entertainment policy and create a budget and a cost-control system. The director should also retain a nationwide travel agency to handle our reservations and should lead an investigation into electronic alternatives to travel. At the same time, Electrovision should make employees aware of the need for moderation in travel and entertainment spending. People should be encouraged to forgo any unnecessary travel and to economize on airline tickets, hotels, meals, rental cars, and other expenses. In adjunct to economizing on an individual basis, Electrovision should look for charges to reduce costs by negotiating preferential rates with travel providers. Once retained, a travel agency should be able to accomplish this.Finally, we should look int o the alternatives to travel. Although we may have to invest money in videoconferencing systems or other equipment, we may be able to recover these costs through decreased travel expenses. I recommend that the new travel director under restitution this investigation to make sure it is well integrated with the rest of the travel program. These changes, although necessary, are likely to hurt morale, at least in the short term. Management will need to make a determined effort to explain the rationale for reduced spending. By exercising moderation in their own travel arrangements, Electrovision executives can set a good example and help other employees accept the changes. On the plus side, cutting back on travel with videoconferencing or other alternatives will reduce the travel burden on many employees and help them balance their business and personal lives much better.Electrovision has always encouraged a significant amount of business travel, believing that it is an effective way of operating. To compensate employees for the inconvenience and stress of public trips, management has authorized generous travel and entertainment (T&E) allowances. This philosophy has been good for morale, but the company has paid a price. Last year Electrovision spent $16 million on T&E$7 million more than it spent on research and development. This year the cost of travel and entertainment will have a bigger impact on profits, owing to changes in airfares and hotel rates. The timing of these changes is unfortunate because the company anticipates that profits will be relatively weak for a variety of other reasons. In light of these profit pressures, Dennis McWilliams, Vice President of Operations, has asked the accounting department to take a closer look at the T&E budget.Purpose, Scope, and LimitationsThe purpose of this report is to analyze the T&E budget, evaluate the impact of recent changes in airfares and hotel costs, and suggest ways to tighten managements control over T&E ex penses. Although the report outlines a number of steps that could reduce Electrovisions expenses, the precise financial impact of these measures is difficult to project. The estimates presented in the report provide a best guess view of what Electrovision can expect to save. Until the company in truth implements these steps, however, we wont know exactly how much the travel and entertainment budget can be reduced.Sources and MethodsIn preparing this report, the accounting department analyzed informal expense reports for the past five years to determine how much Electrovision spends on travel and entertainment. These figures were then compared with average statistics compiled by Dow Jones (publisher of The Wall Street Journal) and presented as the Dow Jones Travel Index. We also analyzed trends and suggestions published in a variety of business journal articles to see how other companies are coping with the high cost of business travel.Report OrganizationThis report reviews the size and composition of Electrovisions travel and entertainment expenses, analyzes trends in travel costs, and recommends steps for reducing the T&E budget.Although many companies view travel and entertainment as an incidental cost of doing business, the dollars add up. At Electrovision the bill for airfares, hotels, rental cars, meals, and entertainment totaled $16 million expiry year. Our T&E budget has change magnitude by 12 percent per year for the past five years. Compared with the average U.S. Businesss travel expenditures, Electrovisions expenditures are high, largely because of managements generous policy on travel benefits. $16 Million per Year Spent on Travel and EntertainmentElectrovisions annual budget for travel and entertainment is only 8 percent of sales. Because this is a relatively small expense category compared with much(prenominal) things as salaries and commissions, it is tempting to dismiss T&E costs as insignificant. However, T&E is Electrovisions third-larges t controllable expense, directly behind salaries and information systems. Last year Electrovision personnel made about 3,390 trips at an average cost per trip of $4,720.The typical trip involved a round-trip flight of 3,000 miles, meals and hotel accommodations for two or leash days, and a rental car. Roughly 80 percent of the trips were made by 20 percent of the stafftop management and sales personnel travelled most, averaging 18 trips per year. Figure 1 illustrates how the travel and entertainment budget is spent. The largest categories are airfares and lodging, which together account for $7 out of every $10 that employees spend on travel and entertainment. This spending breakdown has been relatively steady for the past five years and is consistent with the distribution of expenses experienced by other companies.Figure 1 Airfares and Lodging Account for Over Two-Thirds of Electrovisions Travel and Entertainment BudgetAlthough the composition of the T&E budget has been consistent, its size has not. As mentioned earlier, these expenditures have increased by about 12 percent per year for the past five years, roughly twice the rate of the companys growth in sales (see Figure 2). This rate of growth makes T&E Electrovisions fastest-growing expense item.Figure 2 Travel and Entertainment Expenses Exceed National Averages Electrovisions Travel Expenses Exceed National Averages Much of our travel budget is justified. Two major factors contribute to Electrovisions high travel and entertainment budgetWith our headquarters on the West Coast and our major customer on the East Coast, we naturally spend a lot on cross-country flights. A great shell out of travel takes place between our headquarters here on the West Coast and the manufacturing operations in Detroit, Boston, and Dallas. Corporate managers and division personnel make frequent trips to coordinate these disparate operations. However, even though a good portion of Electrovisions travel budget is justifiable, o ur travelers spend considerable more on travel and entertainment than the average business traveler (see Figure 3).Figure 3 Electrovision People Spend Over The Dow Jones Travel Index calculates the average cost per day of business travel in the United States, based on average airfare, hotel rates, and rental car rates. The average fluctuates weekly as travel companies change their rates, but it has been running about $1,000 per day for the last year or so. In contrast, Electrovisions average daily expense over the past year has been $2,250 one hundred twenty-five percent higher than average. This figure is based on the average trip cost of $4,720 listed earlier and an average trip length of 2.1 days.Spending Has Been EncouragedAlthough a variety of factors may contribute to this differential, Electrovisions relatively high T&E costs are at least partially attributable to the companys philosophy and management style. Because many employees do not enjoy business travel, management has tried to make the trips more pleasant by authorizing first-class airfare, luxury hotel accommodations, and full-size rental cars. The sales staff is encouraged to entertain clients at top restaurants and to invite them to cultural and sporting events. The cost of these privileges is easy to overlook, attached the weakness of Electrovisions system for keeping track of T&E expensesThe monthly financial records provided to management do not contain a break away category for travel and entertainment the information is buried under Cost of Goods Sold and under Selling, General, and Administration Expenses. Each department head is given role to approve any expense report, regardless of how large it may be. Receipts are not required for expenditures of less than $100. Individuals are allowed to make their own travel arrangements. No one is charged with the responsibility for controlling the companys total spending on travel and entertainment.During the past three years, the companys he althy profits have resulted in relatively little pressure to push for tighter controls overall aspects of the business. However, as we all know, the situation is changing. Were projecting compressed to declining profits for the next two years, a situation that has prompted all of us to search for ways to cut costs. At the same time, rising airfares and hotel rates have increased the impact of T&E expenses on the companys financial results.Lower Profits Underscore the Need for ChangeThe next two years promise to be difficult for Electrovision. After some(prenominal) years of steady increases in spending, the Postal Service is tightening procurement policies for automated mail-handling equipment. financial backing for the A-12 optical character reader has been canceled. As a consequence, the marketing department expects sales to drop by 15 percent. Although Electrovision is negotiating several promising R&D contracts with nongovernmental clients, the marketing department does not f oresee any major procurements for the next two to three years.At the same time, Electrovision is facing costs increases on several fronts. As weve known for several months, the new production facility now under construction in Salt Lake City, Utah, is behind schedule and over budget. dig out contracts in Boston and Dallas expire within the next six months, and plant managers there anticipate that significant salary and benefits concessions may be necessary to vitiate strikes. Moreover, marketing and advertising costs are expected to increase as we attempt to strengthen these activities to better cope with competitive pressures. Given the expected downfall in revenues and increase in costs, the Executive committees prediction that profits will fall by 12 percent in the orgasm fiscal year does not seem overly pessimistic.Airfares and Hotel Rates Are RisingBusiness travelers have grown accustomed to frequent fare wars and discounting in the travel industry in recent years. Excess c apacity and aggressive price competition, particularly in the airline business, made travel a relative bargain. However, that situation has changed, as weaker competitors have been forced out and the remaining players have grown stronger and smarter. Airlines and hotels are better at managing inventory and keeping occupancy rates high, and high occupancy translates into higher prices because suppliers have les reason to compete on price. Last year saw some of the steepest rate hikes in years. Business airfares (tickets most likely to be purchased by business travelers) jumped over 40 percent in many markets. The trend is expected to continue, with rates increasing another 5 to 10 percent overall (Phillips 331 Travel Costs Under Pressure 30 Dahl B6). Given the fact that airfare and hotel costs account for 70 percent of Electrovisions T&E budget, the trend toward higher prices in these two categories will have serious consequences on the companys expenses unless management takes carr y out to control these costs.By implementing a number of reforms, management can expect to reduce Electrovisions T&E budget by as much as 40 percent. This estimate is based on the general assessment made by American Express (Gilligan 130-140) and the fact that we have an opportunity to importantly reduce air travel costs by reducing or eliminating first-class travel. However, these measures are likely to be unpopular with employees. To gain acceptance for such changes, management will need to sell employees on the need for moderation in travel and entertainment allowances.Four Ways to Trim ExpensesBy researching what other companies are doing to curb travel and entertainment expenses, the accounting department has identified four prominent opportunities that should enable Electrovision to save about $6 million annually in travel-related costs.

Sonderkommando

Sonderkommandos http//upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Auschwitz_Resistance_280_cropped. jpg/555px- Auschwitz_Resistance_280_cropped. jpg Table of contents Introduction3 The need of sonderkommandos4 Politics4 gas chamber5 The work of the sonderkommandos8 Revolts at heart the camps10 Survivors12 Resources16 Introduction When one and only(a) thinks of minginess camps, the link to the gas put up will be made with out(a) difficulties. How incessantly, do heap re exclusivelyy know how they worked and who where necessary to let these killing machines function?The resoluteness is no, some can still tell how the gas chambers worked, but b atomic outlet 18ly bothone knows who worked inside them and that they had to abide the most horrific events that took place in the uphold world state of war. This paper is dedicated to those who we dont know rough, the ones we would rather know nonhing of, the ones who can never be forgotten. In order to attend what really h appened inside these sonderkommandos and their highly unusual workplace, it is vital to obtain some knowledge around the Nazis and their final solution first.This paper will try to progress to a clear overview of the road towards the implementation of the gas chambers, the life of the people that lived inside of these sonderkommandos, the uprise that took place within the sonderkommando of Auschwitz Birkenau, known survivors from sonderkommandos, and the latermath. There is bargonly both information available about this topic, I tried to use as many assorted sources as possible. There are some testimonies made about some of the survivors filmed by the SHOAH foundation, which can be found on Youtube.Some early(a) survivors check written lot their story in haves, and another(prenominal)s drew pictures of the events that they witnessed. all(a) of these sources where extremely important in the creation of this paper because the Nazis never documented anything of these events that took place within the gas chambers. Their primary goal was to extinguish all grounds created near their final solution of the non Aryans. This paper will mostly be focused on Auschwitz and its sonderkommando, since most information available is from this camp. The need for sonderkommandosBefore relieveing what the sonderkommandos did and how they operated it is necessary to explain why they were needed. There will be an ex blueprintation from the political point of view as well as the invention of the gas chamber. Politics afterwards the first world war, Germany was obligate to oblige to the Versailles treaty. This treaty stated that Germany and its allies were fully responsible for the damage and losses during the first world war. This resulted in stipendiary a high sum of money namely, 132 billion marks for reparations, it lost around 20 percent of its territory and it had to minimize the army.The German population was devastated by this treaty but they never saw it as official. During the Weimar government Germany experienced hyperinflation which was the resolution of the Versailles treaty, this was the first time that Hitler tried to get the position in Germany in November 1923, however, it failed but it made him and his party the NSDAP (Nationalsozia reheelische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei) known with the public. Hitler got arrested for his attempt and was sentenced to 5 long time in prison, he got out within one year.While he was in lock he wrote his infamous book Mein Kampf, in this book he describes his view on the Versailles treaty, the Jews and other minorities, the superiority of the Aryan race, and that Germany needs more territory for the Aryans. Hitler on the cover of his book, Mein Kampf http//www. nazi. org. uk/hitler-racial-state_files/image004. jpg During the elections of 1932 the NSDAP won a significant amount of seats in the Reichstag, it rose from 107 to 230, and it became the sizeablest political party with 37,4 percent of Ger many.Hitler became chancellor on the 30th of January 1933 from a government that was quite divided, even though the NSDAP was the largest party the SPD and KPD were also represented in the Reichstag. In this government there were only two ministers from the re chief(prenominal)der named parties whereas all the other ministers were members from the NSDAP, Hitler almost took over all power within one year after the elections. The NSDAP made the ? enabling pact? which basically gave the parliament the power to make laws without consulting the Reichstag.When President von Hindenburg died on the second of August 1934, Hitler became electric chair overdue to a law that passed one day before. This law stated that the office of president would no longer exist and that the powers of the president would merge with those of the chancellor. Hitler now had all power in Germany and he was able to implement his vision of Germany without any resistance. The lowest Solution can be divided in thr ee phases. The first phase was between 1933 and 1939, it affected Jews within the borders of the German empire.As Hitler described in his book, Germany needed more space for the Aryans to live in and that the German race should be purified, this meant that the non Aryans had to leave. At first big money immigration sounded like the solution, it would be the easiest and cheapest option, however, the non Aryans would not bonny leave their homes and mother country for no reason, most of these families lived in Germany for generations. Therefore the NSDAP came up with a boycott of Jewish stores on the first of April 1933, this had barely any effect on Germany.Some Jews tried to leave Germany but foreign countries were not eager to let them in, emigration was not an option. The Nuremberg laws was the next step, these laws were written in 1935 and are also known as ? the laws for protection of German blood and German honor?. These laws had a large impact on the life of the Jews. The Jew s were deprived from their citizenship, they were not allowed to marry or to have an Aryan, that marriages and relationships between Jews and Germans were prohibited, Jews were not allowed to show the national flag or the national colors.Besides these new rules, the Nuremberg laws also stated who was considered to be a Jew. Half Jews were considered to be full Jews and were only allowed to marry a full Jew or another half Jew, whereas a quarter Jew was only allowed to marry an Aryan. subsequently the murder on Vom Rath, a member of the Nazi party, by a 17 year old Jewish boy, on the 7th of November 1938. The Nazi? s retaliated on the Jews by destroying Jewish property on the 10th of November, such as stores and synagogue, this night became known as Kristallnacht. Besides the demolishment, 91 Jews were killed, and an estimated 30. 00 Jews were sent to assiduity camps. after(prenominal) this event the majority of the Jewish population tried to emigrate away from Europe? s mainland, but again, like a couple of years before, other countries were not willing to let them in and most were deported jeopardize to Europe. Gas chambers As said before, Hitler wanted to free Germany from the non Aryans, when it became clear that mass emigration did not work, other options had to be considered. The Nazis had started with the compulsory sterilization of disabled people since 1933, an estimated 360. 00 persons were sterilized between 1933 and 1939. When Aktion T4 started in 1939 it began by killing children with a piquance of phenol, who suffered from the down syndrome or another non curable illnesses. The second step was to murder adults with a range of different diseases such as dementia, syphilis, epilepsy, and others. A lethal guess was a not very effective method because it was time consuming and too expensive. It was Hitler who recommended to use carbon monoxide on adults, the first test with gassing people took place in January 1940.The results were satisfying fo r the people who were concerned and it was applied to multiple euthanasia centers across Germany. Aktion T4 made 70. 273 victims and was shut down in 1941. Before the Jews and other non Aryans were sent to the gas chambers they were murdered by special SS groups. These SS groups also known as Sonderkommandos, when working on German territory or Einsatzgruppen, when working on foreign ground, per create killings by shooting entire Jewish populations to death. These mass murdering started from 1941 in the western part of Russia as well as in Ukraine, Bulgaria, and other eastern European countries.All victims had to undress themselves and they would be shot or killed by a gas van. The estimated amount of deaths that these SS groups are accountable for is around 2 million, which is 25 to 30 percent of the deaths on non Aryans made by Nazi Germany(approximately 6 million). These large scaled murders were quite hard for the SS men to deal with, the SS soldiers that were selected for thes e task were not able to keep on doing this without experiencing mental problems. Himmler himself had witnessed the work of one of the Einsatzgruppen in Minsk were a 100 Jews were shot.According to Karl Wollf, his face turned green and vomited after witnessing the event. cleanup spot all Jews by guns was not doable mentally and economically, since gassing disabled people was a success during Aktion T4, camps were designed with the implementation of gas chambers. When Germany took over Poland in 1939 all Jews were agonistic to live together in ghettos in big cities, that were easily accessible by railroads. By having all Jews together in large ghettos it will make it easier for the Nazis to deport them to concentration or death camps.Concentration camps were around since 1933, Dachau was the first official one to open, they were build to house political prisoners of the Nazi regime, they were oblige to do intense labor, the living conditions were miserable. Around December 1941, Hi tler decided that all the European Jews had to be exterminated, Hitler putted Himmler in charge of his final solution which stated that the Jews were forced to work till death and the weak, old and disabled would be killed immediately. The code name of this project was operation Reinhart, and its sole purpose was to create experimental extinction camps that could kill all the glossary Jews.Multiple death camps were build such as Chelmno, Treblinka, Belzec, and Sobibor, even though Auschwitz and Madjanek are considered to be death camps too, they were also functioning as labor camps. Death camps in occupied Poland http//upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/WW2-Holocaust-Poland. PNG The death camps that were designed and build during operation Reinhart all had overall the same layout and were all primed(p) near a rail line, this was important in order to get the victims easy in to the camp. Chelmno used gas vans and had no crematoria, the bodies were burned in pits in the woods.Belzec, Sobibor, and Treblinka all had gas chambers that worked on diesel engines, Auschwitz and Madjanek both used Zyklon B to gas the victims. The first test with Zyklon B took place in Auschwitz in the infamous block 11 on Russian prisoners of war, Zyklon B was previously used to disinfect clothes. These tests with this gas were very effective, it was less time consuming that victimization gas chambers operating with diesel engines and it was less expensive. The work of the sonderkommando When a train would arrive in Auschwitz, a selection was made between the ones who were jib to work and the ones who were assumed not to be able to work.The group of people who did not pass the selection would be sent to the gas chambers. Once arriving in the crematorium, they were told by the SS deems to undress themselves and to proceed to the showers. To make the process faster the victims were told that after the shower they would be provided with a meal. Within the undressing rooms t here were little maulers which were intended to hang clothes on, the SS precautions would tell the people to remember their repress so that they would be able to find their clothes back after the shower. When ingress in the gas chamber it didnt look that suspicious since showerheads were placed on the ceiling.When the full-length selected pack was inside the gas chamber, the door would be locked and an SS guard would pour the Zyklon B gas from the roof into the gas chamber trough a little opening. It took a couple of minutes before the gas started to work, it would stagger from the bottom to the top of the room, after 20 minutes all the persons inside the room were dead. Once the gas chamber was cleared from the corpses, the whole room had to be cleaned and repainted in order not to look suspicious for the next victims. The bodies were send up to the furnace area, in which they were cremated.The whole process of arriving till death took place within 3 hours, multiple enchants per crematorium would be processed during a day. The members of the sonderkommando were forced to participate throughout this whole process, their job consisted out of different tasks. A hardly a(prenominal) would assist in the undressing room where they helped people to undress and to get into the gas chambers, if a member would speak the language of the people who were about to be murdered, he would translate the orders from the SS guard in order to make the process go faster.Two members of the sonderkommando were needed on the roof of the gas chamber were they had to lift off the ponderous lid to the opening for the Zyklon B crystals. after the people were deceased, an air ventilator would be switched on the refresh the air, the door to the gas chamber would be opened, after which the members from the sonderkommando had to drag every victim out by using a cane of a string of fabric. The Zyklon B gas had a weird effect on the dead bodies, a person would get rid of all its body fluids when the gas started to work.This meant that all the bodies were covered in urine, blood, vomit and feces. Once the bodies came out of the gas chamber, the members of the sonderkommando had to place the bodies on a small elevator which would bring the bodies up to the furnace area. Up in the crematorium other members had to put the corpses on a metal stretcher and throw them into the ovens. Once the bodies were cremated, the large pieces of bones would be crushed by some members in a huge grinder, all the ashes would be collected and dumped in a river close by.Besides working inside the gas chambers, the members of the sonderkommando also had to burn people in massive pits, the crematoriums could not always detention the amount of corpses that needed to be cremated. Another task that they sometimes had to perform was to walk a victim, mostly elderly, up a stair where a SS guard was hiding, who would shoot the victim in the neck. These people were not able to go in to the gas chamber and therefore were murdered in a different way. The members of the sonderkommando were not allowed to communicate with other prisoners within the camp.Their standards of living were higher than in the rest of the camp, they all had a bed and the food supply was better due to what they could find in the victims possessions. Even though they had a bit more advantages from other prisoners, the Nazis did everything possible to make their live harder and more complicated. A member of the sonderkommando hook people out of the gas chamber, drawn by David Olere http//1. bp. blogspot. com/-GwK8gwHiSn0/TdLwHbiBY5I/AAAAAAAABfo/o5dL0rdbRas/s1600/Sonderkommando. JPGIn the Jewish faith it is not appropriate to touch a body when it is not clean, this is just one example of the methods the Nazis used to make the lives of the Jews inside these sonderkommandos more miserable. Besides witnessing the horrors of their job there was another factor that was a threat to them, the Nazis tried to replace the members of the sonderkommando regularly, they did not want to have survivors who could testify what they had seen and witnessed. In Auschwitz there were approximately 1200 workers imprisoned in the different sonderkommandos spread over the five different crematoriums.Revolts within the camps After news of the revolt in the ghetto of Warsaw and the losses of the German host in Stalingrad and north Africa, the Jewish prisoners within the death camps got a little more faith in surviving their ordeals. Multiple uprisings against the Nazis took place within the camps. Treblinka After the last transport came into the camp in the beginning of 1943, the Treblinka prisoners were participating in modify all the evidence from the Treblinka site.Mass graves were opened and all corpses had to be burned, when this work was almost completed, the Jews noticed that once the work was finished they would be killed to erase the last trace of evidence. On the second of August 1943 they rev olted against the Nazis by attending a mass escape. Their plan was to get through over control of the camp, however it failed, all prisoners stormed to the main gate and around 300 were able to escape. Most of the camp of Treblinka was burned down during the revolt. Sobibor When the prisoners realized that less transports were coming in, like in Teblinka, they decided to take matters into their own hands.Individual escapes were not a good option, since the SS would retaliate against the remaining prisoners, a plan had to be created that could get the whole prisoner population out. When a transport with Russian prisoners of war came in everything changed, one of these inmates was Sasja Petsjerski. He and a Jewish inmate created a plan where the SS guards and Ukranians would be killed, telephone cords would be cut, and the whole camp population would escape at once. The revolt took place on the 14th of October 1943, from the 600 camp population, 300 made it out of the gates alive.The estimated number of survivors is around 50 to 70 people. The 100 members of the sonderkommando of Sobibor did not participate in this uprising and were all murdered the next day. Sobibor closed down after this revolt. Auschwitz Within Auschwitz the plan of revolting against the Germans already existed for a longer period of time, there was contact between the polish underground and members of the sonderkommando. Even though members of the sonderkommando were not allowed to communicate with other prisoners, they established contact when picking up the soup in the kitchen in the womens camp.Besides exchanging information, gun powder which was taken by female prisoners, was given to members of the sonderkommando. When the immersion transports were reducing rapidly in the fall of 1944, the revolt was planned, which was executed on the 7th of October 1944. The plan was that all crematoriums would escape at the same time, however, it started in crematorium IV by accident. The members of the sonderkommando used the gunpowder that was smuggled in to blow up the crematorium. Members of the sonderkommando of crematorium II and IV tried to escape through the fences into the woods.Inside crematorium III the kapo decided that it would be better not to attend the revolt and to remain inside. The men from the two other crematoriums were either killed in the revolt, or killed after they were captured again. After this event crematorium IV and crematorium III were not in function anymore and they were demolished, the members of the remaining sonderkommando were given instructions to tear down the gas chambers, they were the only ones who were allowed down there. The outer part of the buildings were taken down by normal prisoners.After the revolt the members of the sonderkommando slept in a small building in the mens camp of Birkenau. When the death marches started in January 1945, the members of the sonderkommando blended themselves into groups of other prisoners who were lea ving the camp with these marches. After they mingled with other prisoners it was impossible for the SS to find the members back. These survivors have been important in order to understand how the final solution took place. Survivors of sonderkommandos Known survivor Treblinka Martin Gray 27-4-1922-Born in Warsaw, he was able to escape from Treblinka, after the war he married a Dutch woman and got four children together, whom all died in a forest fire in 1970. He remarried and is still lecturing all over the world. Known survivor Chelmno Michal Podchlebnik Worked in Chelmno in the waldkommando, his job was to bury the victims of the Chelmno gas trucks, he also tidied up the changing rooms after the people were gassed. He heard how the people were gassed. He was able to escape from Chelmno in 1942. Known survivors sonderkommando Auschwitz The highest amount of survivors is from Auschwitz as described in the previous chapter.The list created below, is putted together with the use of m ultiple websites and books. There are more survivors but some were not willing to share their stories and never wanted to speak their ordeals ever again. Israel Gutman 1923- Born in Warsaw, participated in the Warsaw revolt. He was send to several camps afterwards, he was one of the creators of the sonderkommando revolt. After the war he testified in the Eichmann process. Milton Buki 1909-1988 Prisoner number 80312 Morris kesselman Prisoner number 11900 Yosef sackar Prisoner number 182739 Avraham Dragon 1919-2007 Prisoner number 80360 Szlamo Dragon Prisoner number 80359Brother of Avraham Dragon Daniel Behnnamias 1923-1994 Prisoner number 182477 Greek Jew with Italian nationality who after the war, wrote a book called the holocaust odyssey of Daniel Behnnamias, he died in Oakland, United States. Alter Fajnzylberg 23/10/1910-? Prisoner number 27675 Arrived in Auschwitz on the twenty-seventh of March 1942, he witnessed the gassing of the gypsies. Shlomo Venezia 29/12/1923-1/10/2012 Pri soner number 182727 Wrote a book about his experiences in Auschwitz called inside the gas chambers. After the war he found his older sister Rachel back, his mom and two little sister were murdered on arrival.Morris Venezia 2/1921-? Prisoner number 182728 A Greek Jew with Italian nationality, he is the older brother of Shlomo Venezia. Dario Gabbai 1922-? Prisoner number 182568 A Jew from Greece, he was in the same transport as a lot of other survivors. After the war he shared his story with many others, he believed that his testimony is important to picture the complete story of the horrors that took place. Dario Gabbai, Shlomo and Morris Venezia went back to Auschwitz to participate in a documentary called Auschwitz, the final witness. Jakov Gabbai 1912-1993 Prisoner number 182569 The older brother of Dario Gabbai.Henryk Tauber 8/7/1917-? Prisoner number 90124 A Polish Jew who arrived in Auschwitz at 19th of January 1943, he had a few different jobs in the camp before he was selecte d for the sonderkommando. After the war he testified for a Polish court. Filip Muller 1922- Prisoner number 29236 Fillip Muller, born in Czechoslovakia, worked for almost 3 years in the sonderkommando, this is an extremely long time whereas most others would not work longer that 3 months to a half a year inside the crematoriums. After the war he wrote a book about his ordeal called eyewitness Auschwitz three years in the gas chambers Henryk Mandelbaum 5/12/1922-17/6/2008 Prisoner number 181970 After the war, Henryk dedicated himself to instruct others about his own experiences of being a member of the sonderkommando. He always kept his tattoo to remind himself what he went through. Leon Cohen 1910-1989 Prisoner number 182492 Wrote a book from Greece to Birkenau, which is dedicated to the uprising in the crematoriums. While he was working in the sonderkommando, he carried out a job as a dentist, he had to pull out the golden teeth from the deceased in crematorium III. David Olere 19 /01/1902-2/8/1985Prisoner number 106144 David Olere was transported from transition camp Drancy in France to Auschwitz on the 49th transport on the second of March 1943. He worked as a member of the sonderkommando his entire stay in Auschwitz. On the 19th of January he was evacuated from the camp by participating in a death march which led him to Ebensee in Austria, he got liberated on the 6th of May 1945 by the American army. After the war, David Olere used his painting skills to create an image of what happened inside the crematoriums and gas chambers of Auschwitz.No pictures or video material of the gas chambers and the crematoriums was ever shot, therefore his drawings and paintings are considered valuable. Miklos Nyiszli 16/6/1901-5/5/1956 Prisoner number A8450 Miklos Nyiszli was deported to Auschwitz in June 1944 with his wife and daughter, at arrival he told the staff he was a doctor. He was forced to work as Mengeles assistant and to perform autopsies in the crematorium. Aft er he got liberated from the Donau camp on may 5th 1945 by the U. S. Army he found his wife and daughter back. He died of a heart attack in 1956. ResourcesThe need for sonderkommandos http//www1. yadvashem. org/yv/en/education/languages/dutch/encyclopedia/19. asp viper http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Mein_Kampf http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Nuremberg_Laws http//yalepress. yale. edu/yupbooks/excerpts/greif_wept. pdf http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Adolf_Hitler http//www. duitslandweb. nl/naslagwerk/Geschiedenis/Derde+Rijk+tot+1939/Machtigingswet+en+gelijkschakeling. html http//www. jewishvirtuallibrary. org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0015_0_14977. html http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Action_T4 http//www. youtube. com/watch? =LJ8ogV5e8co&feature=related http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Karl_Wolff http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Operation_Reinhard uprisings http//www. holocaustresearchproject. org/revolt/sonderevolt. html http//cohen. gr/newsite/index . php? option=com_content&view=article&id=2278-2&catid=692011-03-21-15-02-30&Itemid=78 http//www. sobiborinterviews. nl/en/the-revolt/the-revolt http//www. ushmm. org/outreach/en/article. php? ModuleId=10007747 survivors http//fcit. usf. edu/holocaust/ARTS/DOBIO/DOarts. HTM http//www. ewishvirtuallibrary. org/jsource/biography/HenrykMandelbaum. html http//www. go2war2. nl/artikel/2541/Mikl%C3%B3s-Nyiszli-het-Sonderkommando-in- Auschwitz-Birkenau. htm http//www. mazal. org/archive/documents/Tauber/Tauber01. htm http//www. youtube. com/watch? v=P-IinMCbdJA http//www. nytimes. com/2012/10/07/books/shlomo-venezia-auschwitz-sonderkommando-and-survivor-dies-at-88. html? _r=0 http//sonderkommando. info/proces/cracovie/temoins/feinsilber/index. html http//www. schoah. org/shoah/holocaust/greif-0. htm http//www. martingray. eu/ Books used Sonderkommando Auschwitz Shlomo VeneziaISBN 9789026321016 Europe reborn Harold James ISBN 0-582-21533-1 Ooggetuigen van Sobibor Jules Schelvis ISBN 9789026 323140 1 . Official number from the Nazi party, however, the number of deaths is probably much higher. 2 . Reichsfuhrer of the SS, he formed the SS einsatzgruppen and created the extermination camps. He is accountable for the deaths of millions of Jews. 3 . SS grupenfuhrer, and Himmlers ears and eyes within Hitlers headquarters. 4 . First death camp build. 5 . Might check out errors, since no real official lists excists.

Kodak vs. Fujifilm Essay

I began writing to show how stage duty can quickly go bug out of business sector if the owners do not keep an eye on its public. Kodak failed to meet its clients needs, so the anyiance could not keep up with demands. Have you incessantly gone shopping and found yourself intrusive for an item you have seen advertised in another store, only to be told that the item was out of stock or this store does not carry that product. This is what happens when supply does not keep up with demand. The friendship goes nether, under the strain of their competitors reactiveness. Kodak needed to make changes in shorter rather than later when their caution make decisions that could help or hurt Kodak. Fuji constantly made changes and made the necessary changes to meet their customers needs. As a business owner being able to r to severally one and understand each customer will help in gross sales so profits will rise.Many multitude continue to shop where products atomic number 18 cheap a nd convenient. Staying in business is knowing and meeting different sight with different wants and needs and hence helping them with finding an inexpensive means of finding them. That is the nature of business and a way to keep a customer satisfied. Building a relationship with customers is the most most-valuable aspect in business. If the business does not speak directly to its customers they will soon have a loss in customers. heed plays an important part in the structuring of a business if the manager is not being active in the search for new ideas. Therefore technics to improve the conjunction that keep companionship will be lost. Newproducts must be advertised and sold in severalize to grow succeederfully. Ideas must be turned into products and problems concerning issues in a product must be changed into improvements for the customer. whole these things must be completed to make sure there is a constant growth in business, so its sales could be turned into capital to expand the business.Kodak vs. FujifilmGrowing up in a big family where parents loved taking pictures and capturing that special moment. Kodak and Fujifilm played an enormous role in many households some the world. When it comes to history and competition, management strategies play a key role in the way two emulous companies embrace launching. Kodak and Fujifilm companies focus on twain photography and imaging as their center of attention businesses. Kodak had an upper tidy sum by starting earlier than Fujifilm, 1888 compared to 1934 (Kodak and Fujifilm, 2012), Fujifilm adapted more to the grocery store changes and currently still is a lead story force in the film industry. Kodak was in bankruptcy protection since January 2012 under Chapter 11 with hopes to try to reconfigure its business strategies. Slow and comp lacey adaption dominated in Kodak go withs while Fujifilm embraced diversified spirit in all aspects of the market relevance. Each beau mondes ethics and social approach clearly reflects their profitability to for perplex arse to the community. Production standards were maintained that satisfied all consumers. Possible changes of the decision-making process that would embrace flexibility and be the best way to ensure diversity and innovation in any organization.Describe the History and impression Business of Each CompanyKodakKodak was formally known as Eastman Kodak Company. The founder George Eastman (1888), patent and developed a technology that would change the way we see things in still life. Eastman launched the ease to photography, the first simple clink camera, photography equipment, film, paper, and color chemicals. Kodak was making a profit by the 1990s. (Building the Foundation, n.d.). Although Kodak developed the canonical technology for the digital cameras in 1975, the idea was dropped due to the fear that it would threaten the film business (Williams, 2013). Kodak dropped the cluster on whatwould have been the biggest tec hnology development in the film industry because they could not see the succeeding(a) without traditional film. Digital cameras are much faster and more efficient than the traditional film, so Kodak sales dropped considerably. Competition from other companies would eventually lead to Kodaks loss of market shares in United States and worldwide. January of 2012, the company appointd Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection, and a year later, the court approved financing. Kodak, they sold patents to a group of companies Apple, Microsoft, Google, and others.FujifilmThe Nipponese company was founded in 1934 (Fujifilm, n. d.). They focused on photography and imaging. The company soon ordinanced the Japanese market, which was rank second after the United States in film usage (Fujifilm, n. d.). Eventually, the company entered the global and American market with a bold move, using aggressive trade and low prices (Fujifilm, n. d.). The turning point of the Fujifilms success in this move was ma rked by the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics (Fujifilm, n. d.), when they became the official film of the event. This placed Fujifilm on the market permanently, and the company started taking over Kodaks market share by offering equal quality products for a cheaper price (Fujifilm, n. d.). As Fujifilm prepared for the fast changing needs in the market, it widened its business scope to digital cameras, printers, photocopiers, and optical devices (Fujifilm, n. d.). It also tapped into the health sector, producing medical equipment that includes X-ray imaging and chemicals (Fujifilm, n. d.). Compare and Contrast the Approach to wariness That Each Company has Pursued in Order to Embrace Innovation. Kodaks affliction to embrace innovation in a timely fashion could be blamed on its managements approach.They seemed to rule from behind the desk from their Rochester headquarters, which made them ignorant about the coming changes in technology and customers needs, and how it would affect them. Eve n when they were certified that the move to digital technology was necessary, management still refused to take action. In fact, avoiding revolutionizing the technology they originally created is the main reason behind Kodaks current troubles and loss of share in the market (Williams, 2013). Although they created the first ever digital camera back in 1975, top-level management rejected the idea in fear of losing its core businessin film. Looking back, this seems to be the turning point in the companys plenty (Mui, 2012). The predicted change to digital technology 20 years later was seen as the far future, and as the company enjoyed success, leadership did not see a reason for change. In recent years, however, Kodak tried to change its management scheme in embracing innovation. They shifted to delocalize research and collect data, in order to gather more tuition about consumer preferences.They also diversified top-level management to ensure best skill input in each field, and impl emented a more democratic management style that listens to staff suggestions and ideas (Williams, 2013). Fuji, on the other hand, took a different approach from the beginning while they were successful in the film business, they prepared for the switch to digital technology and developed new business lines. Initially, they started off as a photography and imaging company, then diversified into different other products much(prenominal) as digital cameras, cosmetology, and medical equipment. This enabled Fujifilm to achieve profits depending on the preferences of their various customer bases. After its successful dominance in the Japanese market, Fujifilm realized the potential in venturing into the global market.The 1984 Olympics in Los Angeles marked the breakthrough point in this venture, when Fujifilm became the official film of the event. This provided the company the luck to get a growing portion of Kodaks market share (Schum, 2012). A joint venture with the UK based Xerox (Fuj i Xerox) helped establish further global production and sales. Their consolidated funds equipped both companies with capability for innovation, research & development, and investments. Determine what other management differences have impacted the relative success of Kodak and Fujifilm. volunteer specific examples to support your response. Opposing to change by management was a major cause for the failure of Kodak. Even though they dropped the ball on the digital technology, Kodak got the credit for the digital invention. They felt their initial plans and strategy worked so well that change was not needed. The management group up believed that its core strength was in the spot and marketing that they could just partner up with or buy into a new industry such as drug or chemicals. But without in-house guidance, Kodak lacked the ability to integrate the companies it had purchased and to negotiate profitable partnerships (Schum, 2012).Unlike Kodak, Fujifilm implemented its goals and ideas, and the companys quickreaction to change was an advantage over Kodak. The success of Fujifilm can be mainly associated with forethoughts flexibility to be innovative and venture into new technology, which has put the company at the top of the photographic industry since its founding in 1934 (K.N.C., 2012). When Fuji realized that digital photography would be the way of the future, the company went through some changes to get away from the same type of marketing that Kodak was stuck on. Fuji still went through a number of years of losing profit because of making film manufacturing and sales its main business, but eventually Top Management had to implement new strategies. Evaluate each Companys approach to Ethics and SocialResponsibilities and the impact those approaches have had on each companys profitability. In 2004, Kodak was ranked 58th out of the top 100 companies surveyed for the listing of, Best Corporate Citizens. This acknowledgement was given(p) by Business Ethics Magazine, and according to the article, Kodak had been in the running for 5 years (Business ethics names, 2004). few of the areas that Kodak was recognized for were for the companys anti-discrimination policies, and its fair treatment of women and minorities (Business ethics names, 2004). From a social accountability standpoint, Kodak contributes to, and supports a number of community organizations such as, the United Way, museums, cultural facilities, and performing arts organizations (Community affairs, 2013). The only aspect of execrable social responsibility that I can apply to Kodak would be from the years of poor management decisions and a waste of money on a division of the company.Kodak did not prepare for the future, and ended up having to file bankruptcy, which stained the companys image. Hopefully, Kodak management has learned from the mistakes of the past and be a respected brand. Kodak is perpetrate to environmental, ethical, and social responsible operations that include maintaining safe work environment and providing quality products. Kodaks single-use cycle programs help to avoid waste while saving resources and reducing cost of reusing the recycled material. All in private road to promote Kodaks images as a trustworthy and thorough company. Fujifilm is obligated to ethics and social responsibility as well. The companys mini-lab network provided them with benefits of international economic scales for both manufacturing and marketing operations (Tsurumi & Tsurum.,1999). For example, Fujifilms cost of goods sold as a percentage of sales continued to decline from 1980s to 1990s, although it had to douse repeated cost of imported silver materials.Fujifilm spent ten times more for advertisement than Kodak did in Japan (Japan Market Research, 1995). This ensures that these measures and values are integrated in all company procedures. They also implemented a transparency policy to keep the government and customers aware of its business activit ies. Discuss the extent to Which Management of both Companies adapted to changing Market conditions. From what I have researched and wrote about, Kodak stood firm in their traditions and was confident in their brand and marketing strategies. Kodak management had great softness to adapt to the changing marketing conditions when the signs were there for the future. That inability led them straight to bankruptcy (Schumpeter, 2012). Currently, the company is trying to reconstruct its strategies with a main focus on commercial printing. Fujifilm, on the other hand realized that major changes were necessary the coming of the new photographic film.Management made the appropriate moves to prepare for the future marketing conditions. They ability paid off. Fujifilm management team displayed the true value of innovation, strategy, and execution compared to Kodak management team. There diverse in-house expertise insured a liquified transformation (Schumpeter, 2012). Recommend three (3) ways any company should build in flexibility to back up its decision-making process in order to adapt to changing market conditions. An open mind Management should have upward communication in its companies marketing strategy and decision making process. The lower-level management team gives the upper-level management team positive or negative feedback on the operation issues, problems, and performance of a company in order for all operations to run correctly and smoothly.Broad minded employees are open to new ideals and will be a great asset to the growth of any company or business. Global Expansion to Long Term-Planning Designing their products according to the global market changes. Making comments to addition the products and services by constantly assessing and improving the processes used to create those products. By doing so, the company could expand in marketing faster, reliable, and satisfactory products in services to make customers return. Teamwork Managers and non-managers c ollaborating with business owners,suppliers, employees, and customers working together to make improvements and sour problems in a company. Combining different skills and allowing employees to work together as a team to get a Clients order completed.ReferencesBloomberg, (1998). Kodak-Fuji in U.S expected to heat up, New York. www.articleslatimes.com/1998/feb/16/busines/fuji.bloombergnews Fujifilm. (n.d). Fujifilm Global. Retrieved from http//www.fujifilm.com/ Kodak. (n.d). Building the Foundation. Kodak. Retrieved fromhttp//www.kodak.com/ek/US/en/Our_Company/History_of_Kodak/Building_the_Foundation.htmMui, C. (18 January, 2012). How Kodak Failed. Forbes. Retrieved fromhttp//www.forbes.com/sites/chunkamui/2012/01/18/how-kodak-failed Schumpeter,(2012). How Fuji film survived, www.economist.com/blogs/Schumpeter/2012/how-Fujifilm survivedWilliam, C (2012). Management MGMT5. (5th ed.). Mason, OH) South-Western Cengage LearningZiemba,S.(1996) articles about Fuji-chigogotribune.www.articl es.chicogotribune.com/keyword/Fuji

Religion in Colonial America Essay

passim the colonial period with British North American settlement, the subjects of faith and stintings often come hand-in-hand when associated with significance. Although economic concerns of development and exploration had its part in British settlement into the untested World, unearthly entanglement, such as Puritan progression and The great Awakening , played a bigger role in the deck up of the American colonies. The flee for religious immunity and organization based on religion in a colony outweigh the concerns for economics. The American colonies valued their religion, as well as making it the most valuable part of their lives. In the early 1500s certain Christians from different European nations went against the Roman authority of the pope. unearthly wars/conflicts, competition, and the Protestant Reformation all contributed to a religious motive for exploration and colonization into North America. many an(prenominal) British immigrants came to the new world not only l ooking for wealth, but for a religious freedom and structured society. This pull factor created a foundation for religion in the new colonies many quite a little fled the home country to avoid religious persecution and inferiority. Furthermore, Puritans, who colonized the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1629, seek to create an empire of religious tolerance. Under John Winthrop, the religious group taught the new colony that the throng should provide a whole world a model of Christian society ought to be, as in A City upon a Hill.The groups of people who wanted to separate from the church of England or go against the Roman catholic Pope went to the New World solely for religious freedoms, creating a religious favorable position put into their new location. Immigration into America was by far dominated by groups of people avoiding the conquest and persecution faced by royal and religious leaders in their homeland religious refuge provided government agency for these colonists to bui ld upon a belief of religious tolerance and organization.As colonies were developing and new groups of people/ideas were diffusing, religious conflict and authority became prominent. A major religious eventin the life of the American people, The Great Religious Awakening, highlighted the valuable role of religion in the peoples lives. The Awakening permanently reflected the pack for religious tolerance and organization in a group of people. Also, religious groups such as the Baptists, Methodists, and Presbyterians (all minority religious groups) took root and grew.Along with awareness to significance, the movement highlighted the presence of religious feeling among masses of people. A major division between orthodox and New Lights increased religious diversity and created a greater competition between the groups to attract followers. This historical event exposed a new way of persuasion for the peoples democracy. In fact, the Great Awakening brought a shared common experience for Americans regardless of race or religion. The Great Awakening brought political and religious impact to the Americans, which still influences the nation today.Even though religion posed to be the biggest concern associated with British settlement in the New World, economic development proven to contribute in the clipping period. Columbuss exploration of the New World was based on the hope to find land, resources, and wealth all pertaining to the progress and bringing up of Europes economy. Moreover, the thirteen colonies developed ways, (such as Jamestowns tobacco crop) to exploit resources as means for survival.The North American Colonies railroad tie with trade (Columbian Exchange) put them in competition with other empires to compete for wealth and progression as a community. Economic concerns engaged in the colonies organization however, religion was the basis for British settlement and the foundation for world growth, social movement, and political structure.Although econom ic concerns of development and exploration had its part in British settlement into the New World, religious entanglement proved to be more important in the race for American development. godliness posed as the main factor for the peoples, and led them to make decisions and act upon their beliefs. In this colonial time period, religion proved to be a greater power in the daily lives of Americans.