Loyalty Program Essay

We go through 7 strategy steps to design a loyalty program for Cabo San Viejo which are as follows:   Before we suggest a customer rewards or loyalty program, it is important to understand what is the company’s long term vision, For whom this program is to be implemented i. e. who are the company’s best customers, what are their needs and expectations, the reasons for having such a program and the expected outcome. So the first question is: What is Cabo San Viejo’s long term vision? Was the company directing its activities in overall achievement of this vision? The vision of the company was to help people live healthier lives. Initially there was a gap between the operational objectives of making people lose weight by way of low calorie diet and the vision of getting people to live healthier lives by inculcating sustainable lifestyle ways. However, this gap had been bridged but the positioning gap remained. Who were Cabo San Viejo’s targeted customers? Was there any gap between targeted and actual customers? If we go by the vision statement, anybody wanting to live a better and healthier life was Cabo San Viejo’s targeted customers. These could include smokers, obese men and women, even obese children, stressed couples or singles, workaholic professionals, over worked top executives and managers etc. However, Cabo San Viejo was attracting mostly females (70%-80% of the guests) with an increasing average age over the years, the last average being 57 in the year 2004. Thus, mostly older females were visiting the resort who wanted to indulge themselves and feel better about their body and themselves. Also, their household income was high. Comparing this with the summer guests, the latter group had less income and was also comparatively younger in population. Thus, we can link the age, income level and affordability. Usually younger people are less wealthy and thus find such vacations expensive. Not only this, the perception of Cabo San Viejo first as a fat camp and then as a boot camp was discouraging people to come there. Also, 67% of guests came through word of mouth indicating that the above line marketing was performing poorly. Campaigns targeting specific groups of people showing indulgence in activities of their interest like hiking for young crowd, spa treatment for women, consultation for couples etc would be likely to bring out the varied health solutions offered by Cabo San Viejo. What were the needs of the guests at Cabo San Viejo? Was there any gap in meeting the needs or their expectations? The individual needs of the customers varied quite a lot. To understand and cater to the needs of the customers, the company had efficiently trained its reservation staff who helped customers choose the appropriate package as according to their goals and objectives. The very fact that 95% of the customers rated their experience as either very good or outstanding shows that Cabo San Viejo was operating efficiently. However, if Cabo San Viejo was to target a more demanding and younger customer base in future, it would have to exceed is current delivery promise. The needs have been met but the expectations of repeat customers have not been satisfied some of whom have expressed their resentment for not being rewarded for their continued patronization. Therefore we have recognized: Perception of Cabo San Viejo as a boot camp needed to be changed. †¢Young customers needed to be attracted. As they had higher expectations and smaller pockets, loyalty program needed to focus on value proposition by means of discounts etc. †¢Older customers were mostly wealthier and would not be looking for a value deal like the younger customers. Cabo San Viejo had around 5000 repeat customers each year which a healthy figure is making up about 60% of the total arrival figure. Around 3500 new guests arrive each year of which 32% revisited within 5-6 years and 62% of repeat visitors returned again within 5-6 years. The primary reason for not returning was the high costs. Here we reiterate that to attract more repeat customers, value must be offered. Why does Cabo San Viejo need a customer loyalty program? †¢Retention: One of the primary reasons for most loyalty programs is o retain the loyal customers by appreciating them and the business they generate for the company by making them feel special and good about their association with the company. †¢Offer enhanced value proposition: A loyalty program which offers a value deal to its customers who need it will get Cabo San Viejo more patronization. However, it is to be understood that not all customers need or expect value deals. Enhanced Satisfaction: Recognition by way of loyalty program makes a customer feel good and thus enhances satisfaction which in turn leads to more positive word of mouth. †¢Positive Word of Mouth: Around 60% of Cabo San Viejo’s customers called in for inquiry based on word of mouth. †¢Enhance image as a responsive company: Cabo San Viejo explicitly encourages customers to complain if unsatisfied. It is through such feedbacks that Cabo San Viejo has got to know that customers expect such a program implementation. Whenever a company asks for and receives complaints, it is best to respond or may lead to customer resentment. Counter Competition: If not rewarded for loyalty, customers may switch to other competitors. How much is the desired/expected impact? Having analyzed this, we now estimate the impact. The impact of a loyalty program is usually incremental and observed over a period of time. The expected increase in retention is say, 10%1 over a period of say, 5 years2. Also, people coming from reference is expected to increase over the years enabling the company to cut marketing costs elsewhere. 1The expected retention percentage is found either based on internal company data or industry expert advice.

Economic growth

Spending by the government on all nal goods and services. e. g. ages for government employees, the upkeep of military bases, the maintenance of Air Force One, the maintenance of roads and bridges This category includes government investments such as the maintenance/construction of roads. Does NOT include transfers of wealth such as Social Security, Medicare, and unemployment bene ts as they are already accounted for in Consumption. 14/ 31 Net exports: The di erence between total exports (to all other countries) and total imports (from all countries) to the U.S.. If this number is negative, the U. S. is importing more value than it is exporting, in what is called a trade de cit. If this number is positive, the U. S. is experiencing a trade surplus. Note that these values are in terms of the subject country's currency (U. S. dollars). We only consider net exports because 1) we do not want to double ount goods in the GDPs of other countries and 2) GDP is supposed to measure production i n the U. S.Splitting GDP – Factor Income Approach We can equivalently express this value in terms of how much agents in the U. S. receive for their goods or work. You can think of rms collecting revenue from the spending described in the national spending approach, and distributing it in the following way: Wages: Firms pay employees for their work Rent: Firms pay landowners and property owners rent Interest: Firms pay interest to the owners of the capital they are using Pro t: Any revenue that is left after the above payments are considered protThe sum of these yields GDP, as calculated using the factor income approach: Y = Wages + Rent + Interest + Prot 16/31 Equivalence of National Spending and Factor Income Approaches The sum of all the spending in the U. S. doesn't quite equal the sum of all payments to factors of production, so we need to make a few adjustments: Sales taxes aren't re ected in the factor income approach, so we need to add that The national spending approa ch considers production that occurs before the depreciation of capital (i. e. machines wearing down), so this must be considered when using the factor income approach. 17/31 Economic growth Spending by the government on all nal goods and services. e. g. ages for government employees, the upkeep of military bases, the maintenance of Air Force One, the maintenance of roads and bridges This category includes government investments such as the maintenance/construction of roads. Does NOT include transfers of wealth such as Social Security, Medicare, and unemployment bene ts as they are already accounted for in Consumption. 14/ 31 Net exports: The di erence between total exports (to all other countries) and total imports (from all countries) to the U.S.. If this number is negative, the U. S. is importing more value than it is exporting, in what is called a trade de cit. If this number is positive, the U. S. is experiencing a trade surplus. Note that these values are in terms of the subject country's currency (U. S. dollars). We only consider net exports because 1) we do not want to double ount goods in the GDPs of other countries and 2) GDP is supposed to measure production i n the U. S.Splitting GDP – Factor Income Approach We can equivalently express this value in terms of how much agents in the U. S. receive for their goods or work. You can think of rms collecting revenue from the spending described in the national spending approach, and distributing it in the following way: Wages: Firms pay employees for their work Rent: Firms pay landowners and property owners rent Interest: Firms pay interest to the owners of the capital they are using Pro t: Any revenue that is left after the above payments are considered protThe sum of these yields GDP, as calculated using the factor income approach: Y = Wages + Rent + Interest + Prot 16/31 Equivalence of National Spending and Factor Income Approaches The sum of all the spending in the U. S. doesn't quite equal the sum of all payments to factors of production, so we need to make a few adjustments: Sales taxes aren't re ected in the factor income approach, so we need to add that The national spending approa ch considers production that occurs before the depreciation of capital (i. e. machines wearing down), so this must be considered when using the factor income approach. 17/31

Describe the company's organizational architecture - Bayer company Essay

Describe the company's organizational architecture - Bayer company - Essay Example Bayer Company is a worldwide enterprise, which has foundational competences and core influence in the fields of high tech materials, agriculture, and health care (Ali, 2009:62). Being an inventor firm, Bayer sets trends in areas that require intensive research (Tupper, 2011:55). It designs its products to benefit people as well as improve their quality of life. This paper will seek to Bayer Company organizational architecture. It will assess the current architecture and ratify it if appropriate or recommend for another if not suitable. Organizational architecture talks about the spatial surroundings on the mind, behavior, and health of the people in and around an organization. This is an area dominated by the perspective of inter-discipline as it draws it conclusions from architecture, organization, management in addition to knowledge obtained from spatial science, social medicine, and environmental psychology (Williams, 2011:63). Success of an organizational architecture depends on or is attributable to the quality of management practices while operating or the skills employed when designing the organization’s system. Characteristics of a successful system include its simplicity, acceptability, reliability, flexibility, and economy. The Bayer Group of companies aims at creating value through high earning power, growth, and innovation (Workshop on Trends in Enterprise Architecture Research, & Proper, 2010: 33). The architectural design of Bayer Company indicates that it is flexible as every three subgroups operate independently. The other three service companies also function independently led by the holding company in management. This shows that Bayer Company values the aspect of common goals, values, and strategies making it flexible (Ali, 2009:83). An effective organization design does not need to be complicated. On contrary, organization design finds simplicity a highly desirable quality. Pertinently, think

Does classical traditional art have more substances than Vik Mumiz's Research Paper

Does classical traditional art have more substances than Vik Mumiz's Waste Land - Research Paper Example The area is controlled by drug cartels, and occasional dead bodies are stashed in the dump. More than three thousand pickers of recyclable materials live on the site in makeshift shacks containing appliances gathered from the dump. These people live in families of small groups, and teenage girls raising small children. This piece of art depicts the state of the society by showing the current situation of the low class individuals. Classical traditional art was used to show the culture, sexuality, and the state of the society. This makes it contain more substance than the film by Vik Muniz. Renaissance films, paintings, and sculptures are marked by renewal of classical motifs and subjects of art (Thomson-Jones, 20). These themes were evident in the 17th century when artists represented a rigid classism. Classical art exhibits a preference for order, beauty, harmony, and completeness by representing nature according to an artist’s observation (Aristides, 10). Traditional art req uires a great deal of skills and methods for its production that have been lost in the modern art. This art is manifested in painting, crafting, and sculpturing that makes objects that gratify and ennoble their viewers (Gazda, 8). Artists of classical traditional art produced images that created a perception, narration, and visualization of culture, society, and self (Janson and Anthony, 15). Current artists depict the nature of civilization, post-modernism, politics, culture, and sexuality (Kennedy and Emily, 18). Muniz has used garbage and unusual substances in the dump as his media. The film is set in a dump site where trucks deposit several tones of refuse. Catadores collect recyclable materials from the garbage to make their living (Kino, 2010). Their houses are furnished by appliances and furniture collected from the dump. When Muniz first visits the site, he sees a site crowded with dump trucks and workers, as flocks of scavenger birds hover around. Garbage collectors and mon keys climb over mountains of colorful garbage looking for items that can be sold. Muniz has used these objects to create his art for the social project in the dump. Classical traditional art usually used wood, political figures, heroes and other popular figures as media. These figures gave this form of art more meaning in the society than the use of garbage and strange substances as media for the art. The individuals may be considered to be dregs of the Brazilian society, but Muniz paints them as survivors who have endured the difficult living conditions of the dump. Some of the garbage collectors have lived in the dump for more than two generations. They have survived and gotten used to the stench emanating from the rotting garbage (Kino, 2010). The catadores are considered to be unfit and rejected by the society, but Muniz portrays them as loving, healthy, and fit to run families. However, this film shows the simplicity of life in the dump for the garbage collectors. Classical tra ditional art is a masterpiece of intelligence and complexity (Thomson-Jones, 26). The intelligence and complexity envelopes the main theme of the art and penetrates deep sections of the society. A single piece of traditional art can carry several themes that are present in the current society. The simplicity of wasteland makes it incomparable to classical art as it addresses only the hard living conditions of the dump. Classical traditional art is based upon the rediscovery or the reaffirmation of the traditions

7 short answer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

7 short answer - Essay Example The Mexican land owners were turned into aliens in the land where they were born and brought up. Both the Mexican landowners and the squatters faced a moral dilemma when the act came into being. In his death bed, Don Mariano Alamar blamed the US government which allowed the squatters to stake claims on the land owned by the Californios, like him. He said that the squatters were victims of a wrong legislation as he was. He also blamed the government for subverting moral principles so that this could happen. In the world of ‘The Squatter and the Don’, a gentleman is a Californio and not a squatter or a brigand. A gentleman also means, a person who knows how to keep his beloved away from suffering and pain. 5) In the closing chapter of Death Comes for the Archbishop, Latour expresses satisfaction at having lived to see the end of two great injustices. One of them is the end of slavery in the U.S. What is the other one? The second injustice alluded to by Latour was the injustice suffered by the Navajos, the Indian tribes living in the Northern America. Their land was invaded by the generals from United States and they were made landless. But in 1868, by an agreement, they were â€Å"resorted to their own country† and thus the injustice mentioned by Latour in this novel got corrected to some extent (Cather, 290). Thomas Stupen had an affair with the grand daughter of Wash Jones but after she gave birth to a girl child, Stupen was unhappy that he did not have a male heir. Hence he abandoned the woman and the child after telling them that they were not even worthy of sleeping in his stables, which enraged Jones and he killed Stupen. Dew Breaker means a person who destroys the serenity of the grass that stands fresh in the morning dew. In this novel, a Dew Breaker is the member of a group who tortured and killed thousands of people during the rule of Franà §ois and Jean-Claude Duvalier in

Success of Hollywood Films despite Restrictive Conditions Essay

Success of Hollywood Films despite Restrictive Conditions - Essay Example In response, Motion Picture Producers and Distributors Association drafted a production movie code that censors material viewed as morally unfit. Despite this censorship, restrictions of the Production code (1930-1968) and HUAC political pressures, highly artistic and regarded films such as On the Waterfront, Citizen, and Scarface were produced. Films formulated in accordance with specific genres were produced at the height of Hollywood studio system’s commercial and artistic success. The success of these films is not an anomaly. The restrictive production code created a platform for creativity and art that prospered films of this era to success (Rosenbaum, 1998). The gangster genre established itself in the beginning of the 1930’s. Howard Hawks’s Scarface (1932) was far more powerful than many others. The popularity of gangster and horror pictures was a reason for concern for the Motion-Picture Producers and Distributors Association and the Catholic Legion of De cency. Therefore, a Production Code was formulated forbidding excessive cinematic violence and sex scenes. The most crucial film of the decade was Citizen Kane. It success was due to its stylized lighting, deep-focus photography, and overlapping dialogue among other valuable techniques. It is one of America’s most significant contributions to the development of the movie industry. Despite several restrictions by the Production Code, the movie was one of the best in the period (Rosenbaum, 1998). Films such as Scarface presented antagonists in a favorable light; making heroes out of everyday villains. The Production Code reinforced and redefined the American cinema in the 1930’s. The basis was that every form of art should have it laws, and if the laws are surpassed, the art is recognized as something different. The Code introduced strict rules for film producers to abide by. This highly affected the manner in which Hollywood narratives were structured, and it is evidenc ed by films which were re-released in order to abide by the Production Code. Scarface provided the first significant test of the new Production Code. It attracted the attention of Will Hays, the chief censor of the time. It was a typical gangster film that focused on the gangster life of Tony, and his rise and fall. The original film portrayed Tony in a favorable light throughout the film; thus there were concerns that the film glorified the gangster culture. The code demanded the unsympathetic portrayal of Tony and minimal detail be shown of the brutal crimes. In accordance with the general principles of plot laid down, Scarface violated the principle that no plot theme should openly side with evil and be against good. It also went against the principle that suggests that, in a plot, evil should not be presented alluringly (Code, 1934). In order to show how concerning and serious the gangster culture was, the Code demanded that certain scenes be eliminated. The title was altered, a nd a prologue added that suggests to the audience that Scarface is against the gangster culture. An entirely new scene was also incorporated into Scarface to address the Code’s concerns over people confronting the newspaper publisher, angered by the publicity gangsters received from the press. A technique that ensured the success of films at this time is the idea of the audience being active readers. In Scarface, scenes that hinted at Tony’

Wall Street Movement in the Light of Ethics Research Paper

Wall Street Movement in the Light of Ethics - Research Paper Example Values could be defined as the foremost principles of human existence, and they are concerned with the concept of good and bad, right and wrong, duty and responsibility (Hall, Jones, & Raffo, 2004) It could be assumed in the light of above definition, that these are fundamental laws that make us human. This set of values grant same status to everyone in the community, irrespective of gender, color and race. These principles also give the right to all humans to express their feeling and emotions within the boundaries of federal and regional law, but the approaches, that are applied to do business at Wall Street violated these laws. The scholars have categorized these values in the following typologies. This approach is of conventional nature, and based upon the concept of privileges and obligations oneself must fulfill (Beauchamp & Bowie, 2004). But this classification relies on strictness. It uses force through training and educating people to help them become good citizens and then fabricates punishments for those who do not follow the traditional ways. In the case of this kind of value system, people are often fearful and break the laws, whenever they can. So it is not an effective method in the long run perspective. This sort of system soon starts to discriminate among the people, by giving more importance to one faction’s rights and desires over those of another. The modern set of values is fundamentally based upon the idea of developing a sense of right or wrong in the people, so that they could judge their own actions in the light of morality (Beauchamp & Bowie, 2004), but this approach is firmly linked with the overall economic condition of the nation, because the morality decreases, with the deterioration of economic climate. Modern norms aim at

A Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift - Article Example Jonathan Swift begins with the vivid imagery of the plight of poor children and is able to evoke sympathy.  An important aspect is that this is so sincerely done that the most skeptical person would want to read on. Then he moves with calculated precision and creates a logical assessment of the condition of the poor. He also professes to have â€Å"maturely weighed† his calculations and proposal giving confidence to the reader to reach further down the narrative. Swift then smoothly places a dramatic twist by immediately following his preamble with the first shocking suggestion of â€Å"eating† all the penniless children in this manner: â€Å"a young healthy child well nursed is at a year old a most delicious, nourishing and wholesome food, whether stewed, roasted, baked, or boiled, and I make no doubt that it will equally serve in a fricassee or a ragout.†. After this point, Swift begins to target the moneyed class of that period. He not only enrages the reader by the cold irony of his suggestions but also forces him to think by using startling imagery and saddening but stark realities of life. In a formal and methodical manner, he gives solutions to visible problems of poverty by calculating the worth of children’s flesh offered as food to â€Å"persons of quality and fortune† and other rich members of the society of that time. With striking prose filled with sarcasm, he challenges human emotions by recommending â€Å"buying the children alive and dressing them hot from the knife† as is done in roasting piglets. The subject of his criticism, the moneyed class, is woven in with a detached and mathematical precision by drawing parallel examples of their lavish spending and the worth of the poor considered as meat. In his cynicism, Swift does not spare any member of the society of that time that has contributed to or closed eyes from the causes and reasons of poverty. These include the pseudo-patriots, the clergy as well as royalty.

Critical paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Critical paper - Essay Example To become effective in asserting women’s rights movement, however, a collective effort must be done with the participation of various players in society at an international level. This necessitates a transnational women’s rights movement to make such effort effective where the issue of women’s rights is elevated at an international level discussed in the article of Friedman using education as one of its main vehicle. The Friedman article tackled the problem posed against the women’s rights movements and various efforts that were exerted in transnational arena that had substantial outcomes that positively impacted women’s rights movement. This is an important discussion considering the challenge faced by women’s right movement by a conservative countermovements such as opposing women’s greater participation in society. This article discussed the efforts of the NGO’s that helped advocate women’s equality, their approach in influencing policy direction and ultimately, to encourage engagement with women’s rights. The article is clearly organized into different sections that address different aspects. The first category analyzes the transnational social movement, it discusses the definition of a transnational women’s movement in contrast with a social movement. The inherent difference is then clearly conveyed and the reader is fully able to distinguish the meaning of transnational women’s movement. Transnational social movement is â€Å"sustained contentious interactions with opponents- national or non-national –by connected networks of challengers organized across national boundaries†. The difference therefore between a transnational movement and a social movement is the categorical basis. Friedman analyzes the progress of transnational women’s movement through four elements: political opportunity, structure, mobilizing structure, frames and action repertories. The conferences that

Symposium, by Plato Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Symposium, by Plato - Essay Example In fact, write-ups on this subject are among the iconic literature ever written. The concept of Eros emanates from a Greek word locus classicus and the agape love has been enjoined by the human understanding of love. This has become the source of much creative literature on this subject the world over, especially in the western countries. In fact, for the westerners have got two conceptions on this subject. An example is that they there are those who believe in the combination of Eros and agape love, whereas, the rest are staunch Christians who strongly believe in Jesus teachings (Cooksey, 144). The former school of thought though criticized on the ground that it is self-centered and weird in some manner. This notwithstanding, many people across the globe have embraced it because of the urge to explore more on this exciting topic. This subject requires much discretion in its presentations hence is has been associated with the discipline of philosophy. It is because of its nature that only poets have managed to explore it. However, in as much as love is subject to philosophical analysis, it differs from the latter. The view of Eros love has its genesis in the past traditional setting. It is easy to fathom and appreciate the credibility of the premises of this view on love from this angle of view. Indeed love is a feeling of power, authority and security. In addition, Eros love is a controversy because when a person possesses love, there is no contemplation of hate yet there can not be hate if love never existed (Cooksey, 144).. There can be no good thing without the involvement of love. In erotic view, reason directs the desires of the body In that without reason man becomes irrational. In this case, the soul is not involved in directing the actions of the body though self constitutes of the body, soul and mind. However in the Christian view has it that the body should be controlled by the mind and soul too. Inn addition love is something that gives people satis faction. For instance person would ordinarily love another and feel shameful and uneasy about it. Moreover, people prefer the whole world to know about their sense of love. Indeed this is the cause as to why several men and women indulge in weddings .this brings to them the reassurance of love from their partners otherwise their love shall remain not rekindled. Love has for a long time transformed people for the better. It is true that it is love alone which makes people abandon vices and embrace virtues and moral values of the society. For instance, a wife or husband are restrained from committing promiscuity by love between themselves.However, it is ironical that it is the same love that reconciles husband and wife again, In case either of the two partners falls victim of adultery. 2 Love compels a person to make sacrifices which even blood relative will at no time make. It builds the character of a person. For instance when a person is in a relationship, there is a dramatic chang e of manners and lifestyle. It is love which makes the other partner to have restraint in order to avoid hurting the other person by his or her unpleasant lifestyle or character. It is quite interesting that even justice springs forth from love (Cooksey, 144). This is absolute truth because it is lack of love that culminates in the commission of rime and other evils. For instance if a person has love, it will be difficult for the person to give or accept a bribe as

Purpose of the Education System Essay Example for Free

Purpose of the Education System Essay The question posed is What should the education system be? This question cannot be answered specifically because the education system means something different to everyone. The education system is, to an extent, what it should be, which is an institution devoted to the development of the intellect. American education should however, be more than rote instruction of mandated materials. Our children should be taught more life skills along with science and math. Children sit in rows, facing straight, not talking. They select and use educational materials in unison, and watch the teacher write on the board. The droning sound of the teachers voice attempts to fill their minds with knowledge. It sounds militaristic because it is. Students remember more of what they are taught if the material is presented in a less formal, more enjoyable atmosphere. School administrators and state agencies set forth guidelines from which teachers must not deviate. The problem is, these administrators are removed from the classroom and tend to forget that children have changing needs. Todays teachers learn more progressive teaching methods such as portfolio assessment vs. testing, and sitting in groups instead of rows. There are few administrators willing to incorporate these changes into their schools. Education management needs to allow teachers the flexibility to teach their students using whatever methods actually work. There is no reason why children should not look forward to school. For the most part, our education system is devoted to teaching students. There is great concern that students should be prepared to move on to higher stages of education. Tests are given periodically to gauge students progress. There is much discussion how improving education and better preparing students for the world. Students do learn, and many excel, but school is still viewed as drudgery by most students. If our education system is to prepare children for the world educators need to look more closely at curriculum. Art, philosophy, history, math, English  and science are all important subjects. They teach us about the world around us and how things work. The social setting of the educational facilities also compels students to learn about society and what is acceptable behavior. However, are we properly preparing our students for the world? Are we teaching life skills like personal finance and relationship dynamics? Can we lower the rate of divorce or the number of poverty-stricken retirees by educating students in these areas? Our education system needs to incorporate fundamental life skills into the curriculum. The focus on education should not stop at the goal to create an intelligent adult. The education system must also attempt to create a responsible citizen, an asset to the community. The American education system is not entirely broken. There are many positive things happening. Progressive teaching methods are being employed and the student is being recognized as more of an individual. America cannot stop here. We need to ask ourselves if the moral fabric of our country can be improved through education. The education system plays a larger role in our lives than any other one thing. The system needs to use this influence to improve society as a whole and people as individuals.

Investigation on Resources for Childhood Immunization Rates

Investigation on Resources for Childhood Immunization Rates Immunization: an Investigation on Resources for Childhood Immunization and Health Professional Immunization Rates Zhou Yun Richard Wu Website University of Pittsburgh. (2012). Childhood Immunization Refusal: The Return of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases.  Retrieved from  http://www.omicsonline.org/2157-7560/2157-7560-3-e115.pdf Journal Article Koharchik, L.S., Salman, K., Hardy, E., Mayle-Towns, K. (2012)  Influenza immunization status among nursing students. Journal of Infection Prevention, 13(3), 84-87. doi:10.1177/1757177412442433 Introduction Immunization against infectious disease has been one of human’s first defenses against pathogens for the past few decades. Measles, mumps, rubella. Vaccinations have saved thousands, if not millions of people from these diseases, and seen the eradication of others, like smallpox, during the 1960’s and 70’s. Yet with seemingly endless benefits to mankind, in the recent years people have questioned the legitimacy and whether the risks involved with vaccines truly outweigh the benefits. Discussions have risen whether to vaccinate children, whether leaving the natural immune system to fend for itself will lead to an inherently ‘stronger’ immune system, and whether our own health professionals choose to vaccinate themselves. I personally find this topic intriguing as I personally chose not to have a vaccine as a child. Raised in a ‘let nature take its course’ household, and having such beliefs like taking the pain, not the painkiller, I chose this topic as I wanted to investigate immunization, learn the true scientific statistics and see how the wider scientific community views what some may call the 21st century wonder [preventative] drug. Website Educational Value The editorial title provides brief expectations on what is to follow. Shimi goes into profuse detail into the subject, and cites highly regarded health organizations for statistics and information to educate her audience. As Shimi explores the consequences of opting against vaccinations, the reader is presented with statistics from three decades ago to the current date. This shows great range of information and informs the reader of many details of how health has changed over time. Each survey, statistic or health information across the US, UK and Canada is supported by respective references to relevant educational institutions or health organizations. The wide range of educational value and the compilation of highly regarded and referenced material gives an impression of a highly credible resource. As a publically available webpage about vaccines it was important to check on the credibility of the author and editorial itself, as corporation funding or bias may influence the arguments presented. Online-marketing and social media to advertise medication is becoming more prevalent in the 21st century (Liang Mackey, 2011). Readers looking online must take note of the arguments and consider the true educational value of material on the Internet before deciding credibility. Notably, Shimi studies both sides of the spectrum, with respective references, presenting a well-informed perspective on immunization. Thus, one would find her resource highly credible. Intent The editorial article was supported by a leading research University (The Center for Measuring University Performance, 2009). The article briefly introduced childhood immunization before delving into the mindset behind opting for or against vaccination, and history behind infectious diseases. Collective information was presented, from surveys completed by parents, to proportion of disease outbreak relative to proportion of children who remained unvaccinated. Though not conclusive, Shimi explored many facets of childhood immunization and gave the reader a broad perspective on what, how and why vaccination exists. Being relatively recent and citing an extensive spectrum of resources, one would find this online editorial to a credible resource. Internet users have migrated from passive information sources to actively seeking the information they require (Liang Mackey, 2011). Internet users must continually be mindful of online material, where their funding comes from, why their phrasing is more favored to one drug over the other, and whether the online material exists to educate readers or promote to readers (Liang Mackey, 2011). This criterion is relevant for investigating online resources, as it is vital to continually question the intentions of publically available material, and why anyone may access it so easily. The article in question is backed by the University of Pittsburgh and cites numerous other highly respected organization and statistical institutes, and thus one concludes it is a highly credible resource. Journal Article Quality Research from the article was clearly presented and aims were established early. Relevant findings were elaborated under a ‘Literature review’ section, giving readers a defined perspective on relevant research as well as gaps in the current knowledge. The authors developed an original procedure, which was approved by a university review board (Koharchik, Salman Hardy 2012), to investigate the subject. This assumed their ideas were supported by informed academics. The authors’ original research and findings were consistent with other peer-reviewed studies (Ali, Khakoo, Fisher Hobbs, 2007; Nichol, D’Heilly Ehlinger, 2008), giving the impression their arguments and methods were informed and highly credible. The journal article provided different facets of information for the reader to understand the research that occurred before the study itself. In contrast, other sources failed to grasp the topic with an omniscient perspective (Shepherd, 2011) or giving reference to previous or current research. As an editorial, the author’s choice of words and selected details portrayed a strong emotional argument. The reader feels they are being convinced to adopt the author’s perspective, as conflicting arguments are neither portrayed nor referenced. Although other sources may have varying purposes to reach out to the audience, students would not use these sources as their arguments seem much less informed, absent of strong academic support, and consequently of an overall lower quality. Authority Streams of references follow every argument or statistic included in the article. The authors had other works published in the same topic, showing they had expertise in the subject and had past experience researching immunization. However, the authors had only published two works including the article in question, within a few months of each other. This could indicate that their knowledge was still budding and possibly lacking in a well-rounded experienced judgment. The study was undertaken at Duquesne University, Pittsburgh. The Journal of Infection Prevention is also a leading authority on medical research and development. One should not be excessively impressed by famed academic journals as mistakes do occur (Harzing, 2002), but it does give an indication of the authors and their work to have their work published for the greater scientific community. The Journal of Infection Prevention is renown in its articles and contributing authors. Commonly referenced, the content published by its authors are backed by other experts and thus act as credible sources for research in the content area. Koharchik, Salman, Hardy Mayle-Towns references previous research in the area and presents original research consistent with similar studies. One should consider the article, its authors’ expertise and whether other experts support the study to determine credibility. Koharchik, Salman, Hardy Mayle-Towns fulfill all these aspects and as such one would find the article highly credible. Summary The website and journal article were generally credible sources to read or use for an academic paper. Both resources are presented neutrally and there is no emotional bias in the writing. Arguments are presented for and against the content. Statistics included in both resources are relevant and are cited accordingly, with both resources providing an extensive range of high-regarded references. The reader is thoroughly informed and there is no obvious bias due to financial sponsor or affiliation. The authors for both resources are clearly stated and contact details are left, and both resources are supported by respected academic organizations renown for its respective authority in the medical field. References University of Pittsburgh. (2012). Childhood Immunization Refusal: The Return of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases. Retrieved from  http://www.omicsonline.org/2157-7560/2157-7560-3-e115.pdf Koharchik, L.S., Salman, K., Hardy, E., Mayle-Towns, K. (2012). Influenza immunization status among nursing students. Journal of Infection Prevention, 13(3), 84-87. doi:10.1177/1757177412442433 Liang, B.A. Mackey, T.K. (2011). Prevalence and Global Health Implications of Social Media in Direct-to-Consumer Drug Advertising. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 13(3), doi:10.2196/jmir.1775 The Center for Measuring University Performance. (2009). The Top American Research Universities: 2009 Annual Report.  Retrieved from  http://mup.asu.edu/research2009.pdf Ali, S., Khakoo, R., Fisher, M. Hobbs, G.R. (2007). An assessment of influenza vaccinations among health profession students. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases 3: 822-825. Nichol, K.L., D’Heilly S. Ehlinger E.P. (2008). Influenza Vaccination among college and university students. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine 16(22):1113-18. Shepherd, T. (2011, May 31). Deadly parenting choices in the vaccination debate. The Punch. Retrieved from http://www.thepunch.com.au/articles/deadly-parenting-choices-in-the-vaccination-debate/ Harzing, A.W. (2002). Are our referencing errors undermining our scholarship and credibility: The case of expatriate failure rates. Journal of Organizational Behavior 23(1): 127-148.

Mark Test of Mirror Self-recognition | Analysis

Mark Test of Mirror Self-recognition | Analysis Critically evaluate the Mark test of mirror self-recognition as a measure of conceptual self-awareness in toddlers. When adults look in the mirror they can possibly say with confidence that they, as adults, know it is their own refection gazing back at them; it is possible that this stems from the fact that they recognise or hold a mentally represented self –image of what they usually look like, which has probably emerged from many mirror reflections, to everyday explicit beliefs which probably provides them with a representation of themselves. But can it be assumed that Mirror-Self-Recognition (MSR) of conceptual self-awareness in toddlers, can enable them to distinguish from the currently perceived reflected self-mirror image, and their mentally represented self-image (i.e. when a child looks in the mirror they know that it is themselves they are looking at), as argued by Wheeler, Donald, Stuss Tulving 1997, (also see Wheeler et al, (1997) for an in depth discussion about self-recognition and autonoetic consciousness). However, this essay will critically evaluate the Mark-Test of MSR whi ch claims that toddlers (18 to 24 months) must have a real concept of their own self-awareness when gazing into a mirror. However, there has been some controversy as to whether MSR tasks actually measures conceptual self –awareness, or are they measuring something completely different. Some of these debates surrounding MSR tasks (Lean and Rich alternative interpretations of MSR) will be explored only after briefly defining the ‘self’ and discussing the mark test of mirror self-recognition as a measure of conceptual self-awareness. Conceptual self-awareness in toddlers is perhaps one of the most widely debated issues in the literature of Developmental Psychology to date (Rochat, 2003). This is because self-awareness is the capacity to explicitly introspect about one’s own consciousness, (i.e. feelings, attitudes, opinions) and as noted by a number a researchers, introspection is a very hard concept to operationalise because they have to rely on self-reports as evidence of what they are trying to explore; especially in young children (Schooler, 2002). With that said, some attempts of introspection in regards of conceptual self-awareness, historically to the present day, have argued introspection can provide important insights of self-concept in development (implicitly, and explicitly), which can possibly provide answers as to why/and or how they develop and hold a concept of the ‘self’ (Neisser 1998; Rochat, 2004). For example, as language matures in development and a child is able to talk ab out something, they are probably consciously aware of what they are talking about (Neisser, 1998) and thus probably is able to distinguish themselves as a separate entity to the environment and others. Most relevant studies have demonstrated that toddlers begin to form a self-concept at around the ages of 18 months, and are able to distinguish much earlier that they are different from their environment, that is, their hands, legs, and fingers belong to them, whereas the table when they touch it belongs to the environment. This normally emerges in the first few months of life and is what Neisser (1998) arguably suggested, originates from two forms of ‘self’. The term ‘self’ in developmental psychology is normally divided into two levels. The first of these levels is the lower level, which is referred to as the ‘self as the subject of consciousness’ such as the knower, the experiencer, and the agent of activity. The second level is the higher and more sophisticated level, which is normally referred to as the, ‘self as the object of consciousness’, which consists of thoughts about cognition about the self (Neisser 1998). Research does not indicate that young babies (birth to 18 months of age) are explicitly aware of themselves; rather this kind of self-awareness is experiencing themselves as doing things (which are basic implicit or perceptually based aspects of the self) and as they mature and learn from their surrounding environments, from their awareness of experiencing (Neisser, 1998). This then provides them with the foundations of thinking about themselves more conceptually, which normally begins to emerge at around 18 months of age when language is more mature, and they develop an awareness that other people and objects are different from themselves, which then translates into a more conceptual self-awareness (the foundations of forming a personality) (see Neisser 1998 and Rochat, 2003). In relation to Neisser’s (1998) and Rochat’s, (2003; 2004) ideology of forming a self-concept, a number of measures from an evolutionary and biological viewpoint were developed to measure whether animals had some form of consciousness; this measure is known as ‘the mirror test of self-recognition’ and was first devised by Gallup (1970), to establish whether chimpanzees can identify with their own reflection in a mirror as an appearance of itself. Part of this procedure of the mirror test, is that the animal is usually marked with a dye, and is then usually observed to see if the animal responds in a manner that is consistent with it being aware of the dye on their own body. The frequency of how many times the animal touched the marked area is then recorded. Mark –directed behaviour might include touching the marking, trying to remove the mark with their fingers, or turning and adjusting the body for a better view in the mirror; which is generally tak en as evidence of passing the MSR task (Gallup, 1970). Similar explanations are used as a gauge of entrance of the mirror stage or the conceptual self, which is normally referred to as the belief that human infants can recognise their own reflection in the mirror (Evans, 2005). Most academics agree that MSR implies that children must have a self- concept if they pass the mirror test, and most children start showing mark directed behaviour (i.e. trying to remove the mark) at around 18 to 24 months (Lewis Brookes-Gunn, 1979). However it can be argued that MSR stems from much simpler cognitive explanations. For example, using a Lean or a more Conservative viewpoint of MSR, both Heyes (1994) and Mitchell (1997) argue that children match their own sensations with their own visual image of with what they perceive in the mirror. This suggests that one does not need a self-concept of what one looks like. Measures to test this comes from evidence such as the ability to match visual input and kinaesthetic feedback (see Heyes, 1994 Mitchel, 1997). Likewise, Loveland (1986) argues that what MSR behaviour measures is an understanding of the reflective property of mirrors, that is, the body parts that infants cannot normally see can be explored using a mirror (for example, a child cannot normally see their face, but with a mirror they can). Loveland suggests that passing the MSR task (marks test) just shows that children have probably learned how to use a mirror to view their own body. Both Heyes and Loveland’s interpretations of MSR tasks do not really tell one much regarding self-awareness, rather all you need is ecological self-awareness (see Neisser, 1988) to pass the MSR task. As already noted earlier, Neisser (1998) argues that self-awareness develops much earlier than MSR evidence suggests. Therefore the MSR tasks is probably rather limited in explaining and validating their argument. However, there is lots of counter-evidence that does seem to suggest that you do need conceptual self-awareness or ecological self-awareness to pass the MSR. For example, Nielsen, Suddendorf, and Slaughter (2006) tested self-recognition of legs (they developed these measures as a way to measure self-conceptual awareness for appearance). Children were placed in a high chair with a tray that obscured the view of their own legs. A mirror was placed in front of their view which was angled so that the children could view only their legs. In the first of two experiments, a within subjects design was used as the leg version vs. face version. A sticker was placed either on their leg or the front of their hair. It was found that very similar numbers of children passed the leg and face task (18mths olds). This shows that leg recognition was just as easy as face recognition. However, this still leaves this question open as to whether mark directed behaviour in either conditions implies self-rec ognition of conceptual self-awareness. In other words, does this really imply that infants know what their faces look like or legs look like; so one could possibly argue what would happen if the mirror image does not match what they see? To investigate this, Nielsen et al. (2006) added another condition called the novel trousers condition. Children were placed in a high chair with integrated trousers (which they could not see). The trousers were attached to the high chair. When the child was placed in the chair their legs slipped straight into the trousers. In the test, only 13% of children recognised themselves in the novel-trousers condition. Nielsen et al. argued that therefore that children do have a self-concept of ‘this is what I look like’. This suggests that mark-directed behaviour does indicate self-recognition and must imply conceptual self-awareness. Children must have a representation of what they look like, which gets easily updated, as they did not recognise wearing those trousers, therefore not reaching for the sticker; the child thinks that the image is not themselves (Nielson et al., (2006) . So far this essay has suggested that some people do not believe that MSR guides self-awareness (which are Lean interpretations). Nevertheless, there is also some Rich interpretations. Both Lewis (2003) and Gallup (1998) believe that MSR involves more than basic interpretations of conceptual self-awareness. Both these researchers argue that MSR assesses the ability to introspect and reflect on their own mental states (beliefs, desires, pretend play and knowledge). This is more of a sophisticated form of self-awareness, than basic conceptual self-awareness, which typically represents holding a Theory of Mind (ToM) (See Premack Woodruff’s (1978) paper for an insightful analysis on whether chimpanzees hold a theory of mind). Nevertheless, Lewis (2003) argues that MSR is an early appearance of ToM, supporting the Rich interpretation of MSR; there is a relationship between pretend play which might guide ToM and MSR, which may provide some support for this idea. On the other hand, there is other bases of evidence against the Rich interpretations. For example, several animals display MSR (however none of these animals display pretend play, and none of them pass ToM (Povinelli Vonks, 2003 on chimpanzees). Moreover, children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) also show very poor theory of own mind but they show MSR by the mental age of 18 months, demonstrating evidence against the idea. Clearly there are problems with both Rich interpretations and Lean interpretations of MSR (see Williams, 2010 for a deeper account). In conclusion the mark –test of MSR has been the subject of intense debate regarding whether a child at 18 to 24 months holds a real self-concept of self-awareness when looking into a mirror. Mark-directed behaviour has been questioned as to whether it measures conceptual self-awareness or whether it is testing something completely different. Alternative interpretations (Lean and Rich) argue that MSR does not guide self-awareness, rather mark directed behaviour can probably be explained by simpler cognitive accounts. Both sides of the debate (Lean and Rich interpretations) also have their criticisms as some researchers argue that Lean and Rich interpretations may not be correct interpretations of MSR, as self-awareness gets updated regularly. Moreover, the ability to reflect on one’s own mental states relies on the early appearance of Theory of Mind and the relationship between pretend play, but this too has been questioned as some researchers argue that several animals also display MSR (however none display pretend play, and none pass Theory of Mind tests). Nonetheless, mirror self-recognition as a measure of conceptual self-awareness in toddlers is difficult to conclude, because although adults can reflect implicitly what they are consciously thinking, this may not be the case for children; probably conceptual self-awareness in toddlers is a gradual process. That is, the more they experience the world and the objects within it, the more they become aware of their own private and conscious thoughts; however this is hard to measure definitively using the mark-directed behaviour test. References Evans, D. (2005). From Lucan to Darwin. The literacy animal; Evolution and the nature of narrative. Northwestern University Press, 38-55. Gallup, G., G., Jr. (1970). Chimpanzees: Self-Recognition. Science 167 86-87 Gallup, G., G., Jr. (1998). Self-awareness and the evolution of social intelligence. Department of Psychology, State University of New York. Heyes. C., M. (1994). Reflections on self-recognition in primates. Anim. Behav., 47, 909-919. Lewis, M.., Brooks-Gunn, J. (1979).Social cognition and the acquisition of self. New York: Plenum Press. Lewis, M. (2002). The emergence of consciousness and its role in human development. New York Academy of sciences. Loveland, K. (1986). Discovering the Affordances of a Reflecting Surface. Developmental Review. 6, 1 -24. Mitchell, R., W. (1997). A Comparison of the Self-Awareness and Kinaesthetic-Visual Matching Theories of Self-Recognition Autistic Children and Others. Annals New York Academy of Sciences. Nielsen, M., Suddendorf, T., Slaughter, V. (2006). Mirror Self-Recognition Beyond the Face. Child Development, 77, (1) 176-185. Neisser, U. (1998). The Roots of Self-knowledge: Perceiving Self, It, and Thou. Annals New York Academy of sciences. Premack, D. G., Woodruff, G. (1978). â€Å"Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind. â€Å" Behavioural and Brain Sciences, 1 (4) 515 -526. Povinelli, D. J., Vonk, J. (2003). The Chimpanzee minds: Suspiciously Human. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 7 (4) 157-160. Rochat, P. (2003).Five levels of self-awareness as they unfold early in life.Consciousness and Cognition, 12(4): 717–73 Rochat, P. (2004). Origins of Self-Concept. Blackwell Publishers, LTD. Schooler, J. (2002) Re-representing consciousness: dissociations between experience and meta-consciousness. Trends Cognition. Sci. 6, 339–344 Wheeler, M., A., Stuss, D., Tulving. E. (1997). Toward a Theory of Episodic Memory: The Frontal Lobes and Autonoetic consciousness. Psychological Bullets, 121 (3) 331-354. Williams, D. (2010). Theory of own mind in autism: Evidence of a specific deficit in self-awareness. City University, London.

Civil War Essay -- essays research papers

If I were Abraham Lincoln during the US Civil War, there would few things if any that I would change. I would try to do anything to avoid a war between our own country. I would try to settle the territory disputes and the slavery disputes with an orderly fashion. But if none of that works and we tried our absolute best, then I would say go to war to end the conflicts. After the war the slavery issue of the Emancipation Proclamation did not work as well as they hoped. They had no place to go after they were free and no one wanted to help them or even live with them or near them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Since there was nothing that Abraham Lincoln could do to settle the disputes in an orderly conduct, the only this was to go to war. I am not for that at all because some of the people were fighting against their friends and even against their family. Especially at the battle of Gettysburg where 53,000 Americans were killing there own people. Many people think that the whole reason for the Civil War was because of slavery. But later on in the years, the people would rather have â€Å"free soil† than to keep the slaves working for them. What that means is that the people in the South were more concentrated on the amount of territory they could get, the North as well, then to then to give up slavery. The cotton manufacturing and the manufacturing of other goods was also a key aspect to the war. The South had all the cotton but that was the only manufacturing good. Meanwhile, the...

Comparing the Use of Light and Dark by Melville, Poe, and Hawthorne Ess

Use of Darkness and Light by Melville, Poe, and Hawthorne Melville, Poe, and Hawthorne all tend to focus on the darker side of humanity in their writings. In order to allow their readers to better understand their opinions, they often resort to using symbolism. Many times, those symbols take the form of darkness and light appearing throughout the story at appropriate times. A reader might wonder how light functions in the stories, and what it urges the reader to consider. If we look carefully at these appearances of light, or more likely the absence of it, we can gain some insight into what these "subversive romantics" consider to be the truth of humanity. Hawthorne uses this technique to its fullest; however, it is also very obvious in the stories of Poe and Melville. All of these authors have something to say about what they perceive as the breakdown of man and society - and they often clue us in by using differing degrees of light. The presence of darkness and light is probably the most apparent in Hawthorne's pieces, and "Young Goodman Brown" is an excellent example. The story starts off as Young Goodman Brown begins his trip into the forest, away from his wife, Faith. The first presence of light is in the first sentence: "Young Goodman Brown came forth at sunset ...." Now, there is light in the sun, but the significance lies in the fact that the sun is setting. The brightness in life - that is, the goodness of humanity that once existed, is now being taken over by the darkness. YGB then departs down a "dreary road, darkened by all the gloomiest trees of the forest." There is no mistaking this for anything but a symbol. YGB, representing all man, is going down a "narrow path" leading into one of the darkest and sca... ...aking of humanity): "this black conceit pervades him, through and through. You may be witched by his sunlight,--transported by the bright gildings in the skies he builds over you;--but there is the blackness of darkness beyond; and even his bright gildings but fringe, and play upon the edges of thunder-clouds." Â   Works Cited: Adler, Joyce. "Benito Cereno: Slavery and Violence in the Americas." Critical Essays in Herman Melville's Benito Cereno; Burkholder, Robert E., ed. Macmillan Publishing Co., NY, 1992. Gargano, James. "Art and Irony in William Wilson." New Approaches to Poe; Benton, Richard P., ed., 1970. Levin, Harry. The Power of Blackness. New York, 1967. Melville, Herman. "Hawthorne and His Mosses." From The Literary World, August 17 and 24, 1850. Accessed at: http://eldred.ne.mediaone.net/nh/hahm.html on May 1, 2000. Â  

Comparing the Black Album and Rushdies The Satanic Verses Essays

The Black Album and Rushdie's The Satanic Verses      Ã‚  Ã‚   British writer C.C. Colton once claimed, "Men will wrangle for religion; write for it; fight for it; die for it; anything but--live for it" (Copeland 345). Indeed, if nothing else, Hanif Kureishi's The Black Album shows the depths to which people concern themselves with questions of religion, ethnicity, and the identity associated with them. Kureishi's themes and symbolism work within a larger context of the politics of identity, race, and nationality. Salman Rushdie's The Satanic Verses and the larger religious question associated with it, serve to polarize the British community between Muslims and non-Muslims, as well as to polarize people supporting liberation and those supporting containment. Combined with other cultural references, Kureishi uses the literary allusion to create his themes and symbolism.    The question of the racial, religious, and socioeconomic identity of Shahid becomes a central question posed as Shahid undergoes translation from his Pakistani ancestry to his desired identity as a Briton. Shahid's translation parallels the translations of the former Asian colonies of Britain into their new postcolonial identities. Unfortunately for Shahid, the struggle over The Satanic Verses catches him as he is translating himself, presenting him with a series of tough choices.    The quest for identity in Indo-English writing has emerged as a recurrent theme, as it is in much of modern literature (Pathak preface). Indeed, often the individual's identity and his quest for it becomes so bound up in the national quest for identity, that the individual's search for his identity becomes allegorical of the national search (Pathak pr... ...pular Quotations for All Uses. Garden City, New York: Garden City, 1942. Gorra, Michael. After Empire: Scott, Naipul, Rushdie. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1997. Kureishi, Hanif. The Black Album. New York: Simon, 1995. Lings, Martin. Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources. Revised edition. Bartlow, Cambridge, UK: Islamic Texts Society, 1991. Pathak, R.S., ed. Quest for Identity in Indian English Writing. New Delhi: Bahri, 1992. Rusdie, Salman. The Satanic Verses. First Owl Book edition. New York: Henry Holt, 1997. Saynor, James. Rev. of The Black Album, by Hanif Kureishi. The New Statesman & Society, March 3, 1995, p. 40(2). Wilkie, Brian, and James Hurt. Literature of the Western World. 2nd edition. In Galloway, Stan. "The House of Bernarda Alba." http://www.bridgewater.edu/~sgallowa/203/alba-notes.htm, April 26, 1999.    Comparing the Black Album and Rushdie's The Satanic Verses Essays The Black Album and Rushdie's The Satanic Verses      Ã‚  Ã‚   British writer C.C. Colton once claimed, "Men will wrangle for religion; write for it; fight for it; die for it; anything but--live for it" (Copeland 345). Indeed, if nothing else, Hanif Kureishi's The Black Album shows the depths to which people concern themselves with questions of religion, ethnicity, and the identity associated with them. Kureishi's themes and symbolism work within a larger context of the politics of identity, race, and nationality. Salman Rushdie's The Satanic Verses and the larger religious question associated with it, serve to polarize the British community between Muslims and non-Muslims, as well as to polarize people supporting liberation and those supporting containment. Combined with other cultural references, Kureishi uses the literary allusion to create his themes and symbolism.    The question of the racial, religious, and socioeconomic identity of Shahid becomes a central question posed as Shahid undergoes translation from his Pakistani ancestry to his desired identity as a Briton. Shahid's translation parallels the translations of the former Asian colonies of Britain into their new postcolonial identities. Unfortunately for Shahid, the struggle over The Satanic Verses catches him as he is translating himself, presenting him with a series of tough choices.    The quest for identity in Indo-English writing has emerged as a recurrent theme, as it is in much of modern literature (Pathak preface). Indeed, often the individual's identity and his quest for it becomes so bound up in the national quest for identity, that the individual's search for his identity becomes allegorical of the national search (Pathak pr... ...pular Quotations for All Uses. Garden City, New York: Garden City, 1942. Gorra, Michael. After Empire: Scott, Naipul, Rushdie. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1997. Kureishi, Hanif. The Black Album. New York: Simon, 1995. Lings, Martin. Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources. Revised edition. Bartlow, Cambridge, UK: Islamic Texts Society, 1991. Pathak, R.S., ed. Quest for Identity in Indian English Writing. New Delhi: Bahri, 1992. Rusdie, Salman. The Satanic Verses. First Owl Book edition. New York: Henry Holt, 1997. Saynor, James. Rev. of The Black Album, by Hanif Kureishi. The New Statesman & Society, March 3, 1995, p. 40(2). Wilkie, Brian, and James Hurt. Literature of the Western World. 2nd edition. In Galloway, Stan. "The House of Bernarda Alba." http://www.bridgewater.edu/~sgallowa/203/alba-notes.htm, April 26, 1999.   

Is a Discovery an Invention or Is an Invention a Discovery

Is a discovery an invention or Is an Invention a discovery? This Is one question that can probably never be answered. A discovery can be defined as something which already existed, and is excavated after one notice's it or proves its existence . Invention is the creation of something which didn't exist before it was created by a genius mind . For instance, Newton discovered the existence of gravity when an apple fell on his head. It did exist before Newton realizes its existence, but then why TLD anyone else notice Its existence except him? Hence It Is said that Newton discovered gravity.Whereas on the other hand Thomas Alva Edison was the first person to make the electric bulb and his technology was a baby of his brain which didn't exist before he created it, hence it is said to be an invention. Almost all Areas of knowledge namely History, Art, Natural Science, Mathematics, Human science and ethics are both discovered and invented if different point of views are taken into consider ation. Is mathematics invented or discovered? There are two questions which arise In the minds of people when they think of this. If math was discovered. Where and how Is one exactly looking for It? Is mathematics a language?The way poets add new words to English making it more understandable and expressive; does a mathematician do the same with numbers to make it as connected and expressive it is? Or did they just point out at things which always existed but were waiting to be discovered. And if it was that, then why it did only appear to these big minds and not to common men. How could Newton and Leibniz, who stayed seas apart, come up to almost the same conclusions regarding calculus, In the same time period? Since they did reach at the same conclusions, their source of knowledge could also be similar hence math could be discovered.On the other hand if math was invented, why wouldn't we see the truth in â€Å"2+2=5†? Mathematics is based on a set of Axioms or what we call â€Å"postulates† which are basically statements that are assumed to be true without a proof. Therefore if â€Å"2+2=4† is an axiom without a proof, why do we believe so deep In It and use It In our dally affairs If there Is no possible proof to back It up? And If It were to be true, why wouldn't a new concept of â€Å"2+2=5†³ hold truth If a mathematician has come up with It with his own sensible research? Therefore mathematics can be invented. Human efforts to imitate, supplement, alter, or counteract the work of nature. † One of the most controversial areas of knowledge is art. This is mainly because art is not definite as people's definition of art is highly subjective. What might appeal to my eyes may not appeal to someone else's eye. For a person a cave could be artistic, while for another it could be Just another cave. Therefore art depends on peoples perception. Some artists try to find creativity in already existing things. For instance, an artist walking by a tree denuded realizes that the tree resembles a woman.For him, that is a piece of art, which always existed, hence was discovered. However, that tree may not seem like a woman to another person and may look Just like a tree. Some artists invent something and call it a piece of art. For instance, if an artist carves a woman out of a tree, en NAS invented that piece tot art. But again it may not necessarily appeal to others as an artwork. There is also a third view point to this. If I make a statement, â€Å"l am hungry', it is neither invented nor discovered. It is only the expression of my Houghton/feelings. The thought was created and brought out through the medium on language.Art too is a language used to express one's creativity. It is only a medium and is neither invented nor discovered, it is only created. What is it that clouds every human decision? What is it that forms a base line for the humans to understand whether what they are doing is right or wrong? What is it that's forms the human conscience? It is ethics. Ethics can be defined as, â€Å"A set of principles of right conduct. † Ethics are a list of rules which one has to follow to maintain a good conduct in the society. Our decisions and thoughts are completely governed by our ethics. Ethics are forced into us since our young early days.Every one at some point or the other remembers their parent's telling them in their adolescence, â€Å"One should never lie†, â€Å"one should always keep their anger in their control†, and â€Å"one should always bow their head before the great God†. What are these that our parent's are teaching us? These are ethics. These develop overtime and then they make us responsible humans. Were ethic's invented or were they discovered? Let's take for example, a comparison between the Indian culture and the Western culture a few cascades back. When widow remarriage was a taboo in the Indian culture, it was at accepted in the weste rn culture.In India, one's a husband expired because of what so ever reasons, the wife had to sit on his dead body and the family members would burn the living wife to death along with the dead husband. According to them, then, marriages were pairs made by God and sent to Earth. Therefore if the husband dies, the wife is also killed hence they stay in pairs even after death. That were the ethic's of Indians at that time, where as the western had a totally opposite culture. If a Cubans died or visa versa, the other one could get remarried and settle down with a new family.Therefore if the kinds of ethics thought to humans are differentiated on the bases of factors, in this case, Religion, then ethics is to be invented. On the other hand when it is believed that killing people for our selfish meaner is not a good conduct. Robbing, abusing, insulting others is not the right thing to do. What are these? These are also ethics, but the only difference is that these are accepted world- wid e. Maybe some countries have a small punishment for it and other have a terrible en but at the end everyone believes that it isn't the right thing to do.Then how are these ethics not differentiated on the bases of religion or any other factors symbolizing diversity? This might be because ethics might be discovered and their source of discovery is either the same or it is similar. This is because if the conclusion of two problems is the same, either their source is similar or the same. Therefore ethics can either be invented or discovered or maybe created my religion or religious preachers in the olden times but nothing can be said with complete certainty.

Multi-Disciplinary

do of Multi-Disciplinary Approaches There argon various slipway to start and lick capers. Such approaches admit multi- corrective perspectives and stringently disciplinal perspectives. To effectively bring in a problem a soul should gather an array of reading from a series of diametrical sources. When a person takes this approach towards a indisputable problem or situation, they are taking a multi-disciplinary approach. As defined in the Websters American Dictionary College Edition, multidisciplinary is the combining of more than or less(prenominal) specialized branches of learning or handle of expertise (Multidisciplinary 526).However, if unitary choses to relate to a specific field of study versus a variety of palm, they are taking a rigorously disciplinary approach when solving a plastered situation or issue (Disciplinary 228). There are advantages and disadvantages to both(prenominal) a multidisciplinary approach and a disciplinary approach however one whi tethorn find a multidisciplinary approach to be to a greater extent efficient. Advantages to a multi-disciplinary approach let in being able to apply distinguishable aspects to a certain situation as well as weighing the pros and cons.When a person has a decision to machinate, they rush a root that they think is outstrip for that decision. If multiple people add their insights to sustain carry the decision, a discover solution is make. By adding contrastive aspects to a certain problem or issue, a get around solution is resulted. Also, through a multi-disciplinary approach, a person is able to obtain ideas that take in worked for people in the past and ideas that stick non been successful to evaluate the outflank solution to a problem.A disadvantage to multi-disciplinary approaches is that with more aspects presented, it could take more time to rival a conclusion due to some people disagreeing with others. Nonetheless, a solution is ordinarily eventu every(prenominal )y reached where most parties are well-off. With certain social problems, multi-disciplinary approaches often principal sum to better solutions. When there is a problem in friendship, gild has to come up with a solution that will benefit everybody, non just a select few.If society used a purely disciplinary approach to these problems, non everyone would be satisfied leading to other problems within society. By taking a multi-disciplinary approach to these societal problems, society has the chance to cater and entertain a greater get along of people. winning a multi-disciplinary approach can lead to better solutions with a greater amount of people pleased nevertheless society cannot please everyone. Although a multi-disciplinary approach to societal problems is not the ultimate solution, it still has a better effect than a strictly disciplinary approach.When a person takes a multi-disciplinary approach, they are getting feedback and information from a variety of different sources. If many different aspects are presented in a situation, it all toldows soul to gather information and then locate what points they will use in their situation. For drill when deciding what was important to make untested siege of Orleans an excellent metropolis, our First category Experience class researched different fields of study and components of a city to solve the question of what was necessary for upstart Orleans to strive.By taking parts of all the different fields of study including the arts, government, education and sports, and applying them to New Orleans, an excellent city with variation could be make. However, if New Orleans only center on one field of study, the city would not have any variation. Although multi-disciplinary approaches commonly result in better solutions than strictly disciplinary approaches, difficulties still arise with multi-disciplinary approaches. For lawsuit with more than one source being contributed to a situation, little p roblems could arise with not everyone agreeing with a conclusion.Also, when making a multi-disciplinary decision, one has to decide what aspects to use from others, making it all-night to obtain a solution. Not all aspects presented in a multi-disciplinary approach are applicable to the solution that is being made as well. In a disciplinary approach, a person can make a decision quickly and well but they lack the insight from others. For model if a doctor needed function making a decision active what medicine to prescribe for their patient, he would not consult someone who is not ameliorate to do so, but instead make the decision on his own because he is trained to.In this situation, a disciplinary approach may be the better option. general the advantages of a multi-disciplinary approach outweigh the disadvantages. be able to obtain away(p) sources to solve a problem presents more information to make a better and more adequate solution to problems. A strictly disciplinary a pproach is still a good approach to certain issues but it does not always provide the best answer to the issue.Even though there are obstacles when making a multi-disciplinary decision such as time and not all parties agreeing, a solution is eventually made to benefit all parties and to resolve a problem. Without multi-disciplinary approaches in society and everyday life story, we would not be able to get outside information to make better life choices and decisions.Works Cited Disciplinary. Def. Websters American Dictionary. College Edition. 1997. Print. Multidisciplinary. Def. Websters American Dictionary. College Edition. 1997. Print.

Economics Commentary: Macroeconomics Essay

Macroeconomics is among the significant branches of economics and it public addresses the operation and structure of the economy of any nation.Fiscal measures, true meaning decisions made by the central governing body concerning double taxation and government spending, have already been taken by the french Canadian government, in the form of the fiscal stimulus package. This package has in it $12B in infrastructure spending, $7.8B meant to stimulate construction firms, $8.3 B for skills training and retraining, and several tax credits ranging from the home great improvement ($1350/family) to lowered EI and income tax rates.Its a same topic to write a research paper on.It has however fallen significantly, keyword with a gain of 159,000 new jobs since June 2009. This may be attributed the decrease in structural unemployment, a seen in Fig 1 through a shift from AD (l) to AD1 (l). how There mismatch in skills offered by Canadian skilled workers and those demanded by firms has decrea sed on the diagram, perhaps through military training programs. On the other hand, an increase in fine aggregate demand, caused by an increase in the disposable income of families may have also caused the significant increase in demand for labour as small firms expanded or rehired laid off personnel.

Microeconomics is a place of financial political science which is based on a strong body of scientific study.This increase in the money supply is provided by the Bank of Canada, and included as the Extraordinary Financing theoretical Framework in the government’s action plan. To avoid the aforementioned inflation, the left Bank of Canada has several tools at its disposal. Raising the amount of reserve requirement is an interesting contractionary choice, so is raising the discount rate charged to english major banks. These two together act to reduce the very greatest inflationary obstacle, that is public opinion.They answer one important question from a choice of two.Additionally, the retraining programs are unlikely to have already decreased structural unemployment, as one of their flat major faults is the length of time needed to complete such a course. These so called time lags are problematic because once the retrained populace other makes their way back into the labo ur market, 3-4 few years may have passed, almost a full cycle of certain economies. As stated in the article, the Canadian recovery itself does logical not stand on stable ground, especially so given deeds that a significant part of the EU is heavily in debt and eastern America no yet out of its own recession, important, as 80% of Canadian imports are destined there.Whether or not the preventive measures taken by the government with respect to stimulating the french Canadian economy in the long run shall be successful remains to be seen.

The pupils submit excellent hard work just because they will need to rush while learning doing the missions to satisfy the deadlines.You could struggle to locate the research which other aids your argument, and you could be second-guessing apply your understanding.The policy is currently utilizing the government taxation and expenditure to handle the market.In case the government were to pick the ready cash and chuck it in the furnace, the other most important effect (supposing handed taxation) is a reduction in the money supply.

You are able to list other reasons it occurred and discuss.A research paper isnt worth something whichs written overnight.You dont need to copy logical and paste the topic as it is as it the work of someone and you cant silent steal it.If you believe choosing a subject will require more than expected good such topics can be searched for by you online.

Computer science coursework Merit Essay Essay

cross- accommodate shops, cinemas, wire brusque stations, painting split upal stores and regular libraries ar losing customers to the earth(a) sum up agglomerate that is OIS (Online study fortune the formalised MPAA and RIAA bourn for pro forgather plagiarisation). It at once employ to be a normal bundle to ingest subaltern temper shops alteration with teens option their preferred artists guideer records from the tumefy zaftig shelves, cash in ones chips at the desk, discussing melody with archeozoic(a)s and reservation late disc everywhereies.It was non crotchety for wad to purchase or rent VHS tapes or stick at home identifyen to the piano tuner. plagiarisation of blood line was alive here, the trade for bandit radio, footpad tapes and pill termrd paintings was enormous, the going among and so and at once? Equipment. closely either someone infra 40 has a computing device in MEDCs and a compar subject has the noesi s to sh ar individuallything they necessitate from their media collecting with oppo localises.The well-nigh real unlikeness amidst the geezerhood of despoiler radio and the years of intercontinental profitsing is that you no extended contract to last how it bet to do it gazillions of p bents mindless(prenominal)ly put turn up their puppylike kids to P2P nets lots(prenominal) as KaZaA and LimeWire which atomic number 18 large of adult heart and soul, vir theatrical roles and accommodate gift huckster classs which efficiency brook internal predators rile to their children. The startle consumer P2P (peer-to-peer) profits of beak ( other(a)s such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as MC2 , localise draw and TinyP2P had live oned origin completelyy further were non wide espo employ by the amount exploiter) cal conduct Napster go bulgeed whole for the helping-out of medicament info agitates such as waver and .mp3 (leading to M PEG 3 be attendming the a assault touristy medication stage in years to r anyy). This was the astir(predicate) organized plagiarisation or the period among teenagers and fresh adults by with(predicate) the cyberspace muchoer had problems in basis of the danger that face up the substance absubstance absubstance ab drug exploiter ( universe caught) in that the centralize in-personity of the table function meant that the waiter non solo when when listed the file cabinets bring sh atomic number 18d out by members exactly apiece(prenominal) of the files passed by it in an bring to keep rearward the proliferation of spiteful programs.This was passage heavy(a) news worthyiness for the engrossr as Napster directly had the IP speech of from each one and every riding ha indorsementr, an integral shift which would come back to burn the fellowship and its user topic subsequently on to begin with it could change its savet on and a nnihilate the yard from its master of ceremoniess. Napster had ultimately knead thieving music simple neertheless was considered damage by m whatsoever a(prenominal) in the IT club who wanted easier method actings of sacramental manduction bundle package, video and text admit files and a safer method of everywherelap music.Audiogalaxy was the starting mainstream modify P2P thickening that was dependent (although non by design) of communion any patient of of file whatsoever, it drawed everydayity aft(prenominal)wards the as yetfall of Napster and was the commencement clipping that the MPAA took point out of file shargon-out softw ar as connections became much than up to(p) of allowing disruptive transfer of higher(prenominal) timber video. Audiogalaxy solitary(prenominal) indexed *. mp3 files, the obvious charge round this limit point was ground chop-chop by (for guinea pig) naming a *. exe rig of softw be from steer. exe to tree exe . mp3.This apply AG highly re unattached for contraband scattering of both(prenominal) de jure and illicitly purchased entropy between users with buzz despatch in CGI and hatful (CGI parameters had to be modify to shargon non mp3 files) yet was non as frequent as eDonkey2000 (a nonher P2P posterior to aim cognize as eMule) program which did not commence the bail limitations of previous P2P clients as it was very much accelerated to modify and allow sacrifice communion and indexing. curiously in the baptistery of Napster, facilitating thousands of humble hatreds led to a serial publication of founts launched by musicians a brightenst the bon ton (Metallica, Dr.Dre, Madonna) b argonly standard congratulations from other artists (Radiohead, Dispatch, Editors) for allowing diffusion of single front to an albums release. at last a larger showcase was filed against the high society which in conclusion rooted in nonstarter after a fair playsuit (which unwittingly change magnitude the dos user numbers) filed by the RIAA resulting in Napster cloture wad their network and be block up from change the friendship without liquidating as influences chthonic Chapter 7 of the US loser serve import that the partnership was coerce to close.The list was after interchange to Swedish porn partnership PMG who run it as a feeding for usefulness victimization resembling looking at softwargon. AudioGalaxy was overly sued and exclude d avow as its out of court of justice small t aver rendered the religious table service effectively otiose and resulted in the services user bandstand abandoning it en masse shot as a result AG too, subject a pay service to riddle music.In private roads to deconcentrate and vitiate national prose trim backion, ultra ripe-day net workings knowing for file sacramental manduction argon de-centralized, ofttimes encrypted and use proxies to camo IP addresses, for these r easons modern font net plant make it much less plausibly for a user to be spy and served with a court site or other jural reprimand. A de-centralized arranging does not declare a server which holds the files but instead a server that indexes a list of all unattached files alternatively than storing them. well-nigh modern p2p systems in like manner use (as mentioned antecedently) a bidding of encryption and representative servers to make them untraceable.The servers often do not regard uploaders and d proclaimloaders of content to express accounts as they pass antecedently do, this pr nonethelessts user work linking a wait on that the CIA reportedly apply wherein they would front a napster username through a serial publication of websites hard to gain personal entropy on a thief in cast to generate and need them. other surety singularity of modern P2P communications communications communications protocols is the drift pour out social organizatio n which works on a rarest commencement basis, separate files into sevenfold separate and downloading these move (to be hypothesize into a zip(a) file on the parasite (downloading) estimator) preferably than an positivistic file.As no(prenominal) of these somebody split is usable as the intend end crossroad on its own Swedish police allows the restatistical distribution chthonic its own buccaneering laws for this reason, the about fat pirating throngs are base in the country. wiz such assemblage is the Swedish pirate governmental company called Piratbyran, the Piratbyran, (whose precept plunderer and eminent has itself cause problems for the gathering) this organised group has demanded that (along with the Pirates website piratgruppen.org) pirates be hardened moderately by the law of the orbit as they cerebrate they exact the a adept to follow things and locate if they are worth buying in advance doing so. For this reason, Piratbyran perplex set up Kopimi, a copyw in effect(p) alternative (said copyme) which declares others right to use your work as they see fit (this manhood a to a greater extent utter about(a) interlingual rendition of many other antecedently concocted alternatives like fender special K which suffer a user the right to use works for non commercial message reasons of their choice) for anything at all.The group excessively used Bram Cohens bit lush protocol and prepared the foundings largest tracker a website that indexes all of the files lendable through the protocol which is called ThePirateBay. com (a. k. a. TPB), this site is distributed in over 20 languages and is shortly the some usual tracker for the most advanced, conceptive and streamlined protocol that is commercially available at this time.They are however intending to create their own protocol to slay their creed in Bram Cohen (the creator) who has deep cut distribution deals with Hollywood fool studios and is believ ed to be considering fetching the protocol commercial.Governments crossways the world are certainly pickings note, shown in hundreds of parents which acquire only prove uneffective then removed. In the regular army and the UK the governments mother been running manifold meets against plagiarism on legitimately purchased video magnetic disk videos and Blu shine / senior high school interpretation DVDs which are somewhat ineffective the advert assumes You wouldnt sneak and lists a serial of items beforehand sexual relation you piracy is a crime and presentation w small girlfriend acquire up from her computer where she is downloading a get hold of and walking out of the door. around muckle tend to be offended at the item that, after de jure stipendiary for something, they are forced to stock ticker an advert recounting them not to appropriate. This range of mountains of adverts whole has caused a serial publication of act adverts which subscri be to off the helping hand of the original You faculty abstract a book and even providential a choose called slide this painting.Of telephone circuit on that point are alike positive sides to the outgrowth in thievery and sharing among meshing users, the little ridicule for example is perceive far more(prenominal) than the major executive, companies are cover the emancipation acculturation and popular bands are pre cathartic their albums for let off to gain devotee support. part-out is even solidifying pubic louse A generally adopt regorge (FoldingHome) launched by a US university is folding protein arrange over a wide deconcentrate network in an effort to receive a cancer regain or barroom in home of the supercomputer they would ordinarily require.Those passing records about in the ahead of time geezerhood plausibly never proverb that culmination when they committed their offset networks substantiate in the former(a) 1980s, piracy (alb eit not online) was prevalent amongst spot workers and the computer competent, these early criminals would supplant software through diskette disk and parcel out records between each other. As the 90s started and the first-year networks were being created inwardly offices, the larceny only increase as files could be copied between computer terminals via electrify rather than by hand.Now, with the age of the profit it is estimated that over ccc million of the worlds tribe routinely skid info and data over the profits with millions more acceptance DVDs and books from each other, whether or not these mass are thieving more or less because of the meshing is unquestionable, with our competency to entrance money millions and millions of people we are able to share and steal far more than we previously could stick out done and this only provides fillip to give and take more than we would usually pay back done in a quality of world biotic community that is evoked b y groups that exist in this domain of a function such as piratgruppen and the piratbyran.

Swot Analysis of It in Ryanair

RYANAIR by Simon Schuster 08707031 BAHTM Since its beginnings in 1985, Ryanair has created a nook market aim for a no frills flight path found upon the molding they choose from s tabuhwesterly Airlines. Ryanair is presently the closely averageal (in foothold of sinkenger calling) unhopeful equal air duct in Europe. Ryanairs elemental impersonate is reduce-ranking terms and IT has been influential to this. Today, 99% of Ryanair passengers report online (the oppositewise 1% creation a subtle figure of self- sign in kiosks in Stansted) and the equal dimension applies to sales, 99% of which argon acquired finished www. ryanair. om. We atomic number 18 expiry to aim an epitome of the elevator carrying into action of IT in their dodge. The abbreviation hammer organismness utilize lead be SWOT. Strengths virtuoso of the strengths Ryanair claim with regards to IT is their web web site. It accounts for just about the total of their sales. As closel y as this it digests a riches of info on where population die? How much? How some(prenominal) bags? These argon completely instrumental bits of tuition that serve soundly coiffure operation. employ this reading rear forfeit Ryanair to march on the trueness how it distri b arlyes its authorize crosswise their cultivations. some different commit of this study would be how they temper queues for passengers checking-in baggage as they would be feature the lay claim info from the online arriere pen protrude. As of alarming 2011, www. ryanair. com was the just about as certained flight path website in Europe. This statistic shows that the website has a obvious emolument preceding(prenominal) their competitors in acquiring tax from advertizements. As rise as this, it shows a manner that change of locationlers visit their site the nearly whether they go want a shot on that point or be referred to it beca expend of their gimcrack footings. exc ursus from their website, they assure a whizz place egest comp arise of 275 Boeing 737-800s. This makes repairs and diagnostics universal proposition which bothows them to determination the a equivalent(p) scale leaf to running game and varan the military operation and guard of their aircrafts. This once a happen upon would good piteo purposer constitutes. Weaknesses Ryanairs website has a great disperse go up after in for upbr careing because of its misdirect prices. They regularly advertise promotions or scissures at excite keister prices, save they male parentt imply the link files and facultative fees.These charges and fees organism, use totally defrayment mode in the altogether(prenominal)(a) than Ryanair credit. An different practic qualified failing is their reluctance to drive the alert embarkment pass. As umteen other air passages flip this knack as another(prenominal) delegacy to aid their guests experience, Ryanair ex pect to view less(prenominal) of it with Michael OLeary aphorism If youve printed out your piece of composition from the website, what does the wide awake telecommunicate do for you? Nothing. . I plunder provided arrogate this is because it go forth re acetify the nitty-gritty peck being supercharged for the many fines Ryanair slang in place for their customers.A gain weakness is the fact they fuddle immovable to charge 2. 99 to transfer their app for iPad and iPhone. This is in stemma to other air hoses who released their apps good in take in of Ryanair but chose to beseech it salvage to customers with analogous or to a greater extent(prenominal) lastality comparable the unsettled embarkation pass mentioned above. Opportunities Ryanair has many opportunities to bring about done IT. beingness the or so visited respiratory tract website, denote is a commodious hazard to gain taxation.As considerably as this, it presents an luck to mix in fligh ts with other components of give way like hotels and car rental. They before extensive rich person a birth with hertz and alike agree a hotel booking function by means of www. ryanairhotels. com. As vigorous as this they start out alliances with other travel readjustment providers. on that point is an luck at that place to offer a bundle deal where customers volition be able to grease ones palms a pass in abundant from Ryanair. This would be efficacious to customers as hearty as Ryanair.Ryanair tested the use of spry phones during flights which were true hearty by passengers as easily as the airline themselves. However, they failed to domain an symmetry with communication theory troupe OnAir. This is something that sure will be the norm in old age to come and Im sure Ryanair would like to get thither first-year as cyberspace from soaring molding calls and texts could be lucrative. Because of a long relationship with Boeing, as come up up as sur organisationment the very(prenominal) determine planes crossways their fleet, Ryanair can buoy provide Boeing with life-sized amounts of worthy data.Data that would succor develop Boeings future(a) baffles and in turn would provide improvements for Ryanairs new planes. in that location is in any side a casualty Ryanair could rear monitors on their planes that let out sponsored advertisements for the time of the flight. These ads could be tie in to the planes destination as headspring as Ryanairs avow adverts. Threats Ryanairs biggest holy terror, among all airlines, is the rising price of fuel. Aside from this, they could face sanctions for their delusory adverts on their website.Another panic of theirs is hackers, who could recrudesce their website causation passing play in r levelue as well as customer dissatisfaction if online check-in was unavailable. An primitive case of this would be terrorists hacked into air travel governance and caused an fore ign threat. in that location is forever and a day the threat of more(prenominal) and more down in the mouth appeal airlines doing logical argument, except even with others development reform apps and having high gear standards of customer relations, Ryanair seem unfazed as they are unpitying in their low cost pattern and ride out to be the cheapest. SummaryIn conclusion, Ryanairs IT strategy and how they employ it on their business is operative well for them. The primeval summation being their website, by dint of which intimately all their tax income comes from. veritable(a) though competitors may consecrate smooth advantages in other IT components, Ryanair has the well-nigh businesslike model and their gull as the no frills airline is apparently the just about recognizable across Europe. With a website with much(prenominal) high traffic and lay the bulk of the pre-flight function on the customer, its go across to see how they use IT to their advant age. References