Soft Systems Methodology Analysis Construction Essay

Soft schemes methodological analysis Analysis grammatical construction EssayThis shew investigates Soft Systems Methodology, which is a way of dealing with problem situations in which thither is a high social, political and human activity component. SSM varies from other methodologies as it does non deal with the HARD problems that are more technically orient but instead it deals with SOFT problems. Organizations are making large investments in social body offers. M each factors affect the successful achievement of makes, and to be considered successful, experience objectives and specifications must be achieved on epoch and on budget, too insures should sports skirmish Stakeholders expectations and realize measurable benefits. But construction projects are often hard-fought to estimate and manage some projects are endurecelled or reduce in scope because of overruns in cost and or era, or misery to produce expected benefits. That what makes find way for constructi on projects a contest task. numeral 1SOFT SYSTEM METHODOLOGYSoft System Methodology is the brainwave ofProfessor Peter Checkland. The methodology was devised as a result of consultancy work (Platt, 1995).Hutchings (2006) explains this development as an approach which can be accessed in the situation where Hard System Methodologies are fruitless. He writes,When confronted with colonial real world problems which cannot be defined solely in the scientific terms, Checkland was forced to abandon the classic administration engineering thought process which could not describe fully the situation he faces. This led to a entire reappraisal of the classics hard approach and the subsequent development of the Soft Methodology.Hence, SSM is class as a generic methodology (Wilson, 1992) which should be adapted to any given situation. It deals with fuzzy problem situations situations where people are viewed not as passive objects, but as active subjects, where objectives are unclear or whe re multiple objectives may exist (Rosenhead, 1989). This is explained as human activity system (HAS) a collection of activities, in which people are purposefully engaged, and the relationships mingled with the activities (Platt, 1995).Hence SSM is a qualitative technique that can be utilise for applying System Thinking to non-systematic situations. It follows its progression in seven stages as primed(p) down by Checkland in seven stage model whichis considered by most people to betheSSM (Platt, 1995). The seven stages are incorporated into deuce parts the real world and systems thinking, as illustratedin Figure 2. The draw is divided into two halves. The upper half (Stages 1, 2, 5, 6, 7) are activities that take touch in the real world that is they are establish on the association and experience of the participant of how things are to them (Beckford 1998) and there root word should entangle people in the problem situation. The bottom half (Stages 3,4,4a,4b) are systems thinkin g activities which are carried start in the language of systems and may or may not involve people in the problem situation, depending on the circumstances of find out(Johnson, 1999).FIGURE 2 LEARNING CYCLE OF SSMEffective gamble counseling pouch risk management consists of two stages take a chance assessment, and risk of exposure Control. hazard Assessment is an iterative process it can take place at any stage and during any time of the project lifecycle, though the sooner the better. insecurity Control cannot be effective without a forward risk assessment.TYPES OF RISKS IN faceRisk in the design (Flanagan, Norman)The design risk includesErrors in the design and design by the architects, structural engineer, Risk of finishing the design in the agreed time, Risk due to number of revisions made in the drawings,Risk due to the mi interestingness in estimation and costing.Risk arising by the contractorRisk occurring due to the in experience of the contractor in doing the ki nd of project, Risk occurring due to the lack of coordination with the sub contractors and the suppliers which results in go of the work, Risk due to the manpower mismanagement and also due to the issues regarding claims, disputes, Risk due to the clasp in payment of bill to the contractor by the customer.Risk arising by the clientRisk due to not full-grown insufficient information on the clients needs to the contractor,Risk due to delay in making important decision, Risk due to the wrong extract of procurement route to construction of the building,Risk of delay due to careens in the architectural drawing and the design calculations,.Risk arising in the siteRisk due to improper soil investigation in the site which results in problems like water logging, Risk due to problem with the transportation instalment to the site which delays in the deli precise of the materials to the site.Other miscellaneous risksRisk in delay of the project due to the delay in the approval from the topical anesthetic authorities, Risk due to some political interferences,Risk due to the problems elevated by the neighbourhood property owners,Risk due to the existence of previous building in the site.FIGURE 4 RISK IN CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENTThe Role of Each Stake Holder InvolvedThe stake holders mingled in the Risk management study (Lambeck,Eschemuller) areRisk ManagerHe is the head of the risk management study. He initiates the meeting with the client and salutes the risk management report to the client. The risk manager bequeath prepare a risk management evaluation report to submit to the client.ArchitectArchitect works on the design of the building based on the requirements given by the client. He is responsible for the design and he has to make sure that the design is proper and the risk of changes in the drawing is minimal.Structural EngineerThe structural Engineer proves the structural design of the project. He is responsible for the structural stability and the safety o f the building. He can change the architect drawing if there is no structural feasibility in the design.Project ManagerThe Project Manager is the main representative from the client side who is responsible for the whole construction work. He calculates the time jump to finish the project and also looks in to the quality considerations. He coordinates the construction team and make sure that the potential of risk is minimum.Quantity SurveyorThe meter Surveyor is a main part and works on the cost conniption of the project. He result be responsible for selecting and delivering different materials for the construction. The estimates proposed by the QS will be very competitive.ClientThe client is the owner of the project. The client will be providing his requirements to the project team. There fore his satisfaction with each of the proposals is very important.Service EngineerThe service engineer is responsible for the risk involved in the service fork outd in the building such as e lectrical, plumbing, line of merchandise conditioning and so onThe Information Client will need to provide to the Workshop Participants before Each StudyThe client provides the requirements he expects from the study to the stake Holders such as Architect, Structural Engineer and Quantity Surveyor etc. the information client has to provide areThe aim and the objective of the project tonicity expectationsQuality is an important factor and has to be considered for the project. All the materials utilise for the project should be of high quality and proper checking has to be through by the project manager.Allocated budgetThe budget allotted for the project has to be clearly defined. This will help in calculating the coast stamp down techniques. The whole life cycle cost of the project and the cost certainties also has to be evaluated. There fore a detailed risk management study has to be carried out during the pre defining stage.Time limitThe time limit to complete the project has to be finalised and should be finished in the calculated time since it adversely affect the project budget. There fore the time required for the design and the execution of the project has to be calculated.The enumerate of machineries going to be installed in the projectIt is needed to fix the electrical connection.The risk manager should be provided with the plans of future expansion if there is any. put DetailsThe site consideration such as the size and invent of the site and the area in which the site is situated has to meet the project objective.Hard and Soft SystemsHard systems thinking are finale-directed as the particular study begins with the definition of the desirable goal to be achieved. It is essentially have-to doe with with the question of how to achieve a predetermined aim. Soft is concerned with defining the options for improvement thus addressing the what to do question. It is also committed to the question of human activity, which is the other soft part of the equation, in hard systems thinking a goal is assumed. The overall purpose of the methods used by the analyst is to modify the system in some way so that this goal is achieved in the most efficient manner. Whereas hard systems thinking is concerned with the how of the problem, in soft systems thinking, the objectives of the systems are assumed to be more complex than a simple goal that can be achieved and measured. Every system can be said to have a set of purposes or missions instead than goals. Understanding of soft systems can be achieved through debate with the actors in the systems. Emphasis is placed on the what as well as the how of the system. finishTo deliver successful construction projects that meet the three deliverables (budget, time, and customer satisfaction), project managers should spend time assessing and managing risk, and allocating contingence and management reserves, so that any risk that arises will be mitigated, following risk assessment and planning. With out maintaining a contingency reserve, the project manager is forced to go back for additional time or dollars for every risk as it becomes a problem. Also to obtain successful projects, the project managers have to follow a soft system methodology to ensure that the project starts with a chance of achievement.BIBLIOGRAPHYMichael. F. Dallas (2006)- Value and Risk Management- A guide to best practiseN.J. Smith, Managing risks in construction projectsBeckford, J. (1998),Quality A Critical Introduction,Oxford RoutledgeHutchings, J. (2006),A Soft System Framework for the saving Management of Material Cultural Heritagein Alan, D. (2008) Managerial task Solving,NewportUniversityofWALESJohnson, A. (1999),Using Soft Systems Methodology in the Analysis of Public familiarity in EIAPlatt, A. and Warwick, S. (1995),Review of Soft System Methodologies, Journal Industrial Management Data Systems, Vol 95, No. 4, Page 19-21Checkland, P. (1981),Systems Thinking, Systems Practice, WileyChicheste rReason, P. and Bradbury, H. (2001)Handbook of Action Research Participative question and Practice,London SageRosenhead, J. (1989),Rational Analysis of a Problematic World, WileyChichesterWilson, B. (1992),Systems Concepts, Methodologies and Applications, Wiley,Chichester,Roger Flanagan, George Norman Risk management and constructionBy Richard Lambeck, John Eschemuller Urban verbalism Project ManagementIntroduction 1Soft System Methodology 1Effective Risk Management 3Types Of Risks In Construction 4The Role of Each Stake Holder Involved 5Hard and Soft Systems 7Conclusion 8